FIG. 5.
Mediation and moderation models of network connectivity to cognition. In a mediation relationship (left), the effect of a network's connectivity (Nx) on cognition (C) acts through a mediator network's connectivity (Nm). For full mediation to be supported, the direct effect of Nx on C is expected to no longer be significant after controlling for the mediating role of Nm, as indicated by the dashed path. In a moderating relationship (right), the effect of a network's connectivity (Nx) on cognition (C) is altered in the presence of a moderating network (Nm). Moderation is tested by examining the interaction effect of Nx and Nm on C.