Table 1.
Demographical Data, Psychopathology Ratings, and Task Performance
| Healthy Controls | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low Symptom Expression | Average Symptom Expression | High Symptom Expression | Patients with Schizophrenia | ||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Difference Between Groups | |
| Age (years) | 25.5 (8.5) | 26.4 (5.3) | 28 (9) | 30.3 (7.3) | F = 1.4 |
| N, Gender | N = 12. 8 females | N = 14. 8 females | N = 11. 8 females | N = 23. 8 females | X2 = 5.8 |
| MWT-B | 30 (4) | 28 (3) | 30 (3) | 28 (5) | F = .9 |
| Education (years) | 14.9 (2) | 16.3 (1.8) | 15.8 (3.9) | 15.4 (4.2) | F = .4 |
| Number of smokers | 1 | 1 | 1 | 11 | F = 4.9 |
| Chlorpromazine equivalent | 585 (402) | ||||
| PAS | 7 (6) | 10 (6) | 10 (7) | 11 (7) | F = .8 |
| SAS | 6 (5) | 9 (5) | 13 (7) | 11 (6) | F = 3.4* |
| TEPS general | 84 (7) | 80 (10) | 78 (10) | 76 (13) | F = 1.6 |
| TEPS anticipation | 49 (4) | 42 (5) | 43 (6) | 42 (7) | F = 3.8* |
| TEPS consummation | 39 (6) | 38 (6) | 38 (6) | 36 (7) | F = .4 |
| CAPE frequency | 1.2 (0.1) | 1.7 (0.2) | 2.2 (0.2) | 1.9 (0.3) | F = 31.6*** |
| CAPE severity | 1.1 (0.1) | 1.4 (0.2) | 1.9 (0.3) | 1.6 (0.3) | F = 11.1*** |
| AES | 7.7 (4) | 11.6 (5.5) | 14.1 (6.5) | 17.7 (7.2) | F = 7.5*** |
| PANSS positive | 8.3 (1.1) | 8.9 (1.9) | 9.2 (2.2) | 10.5 (3.2) | F = 3.3* |
| PANSS negative | 7.6 (1.2) | 9.2 (2.5) | 9.9 (3) | 14.8 (8.5) | F = 6.9*** |
| PANSS general | 16.4 (0.8) | 18.2 (2) | 20.6 (5.4) | 24.3 (6.2) | F = 11.8*** |
| SANS total | 0.7 (1.1) | 1.4 (1.9) | 2.6 (3.7) | 5.2 (4.1) | F = 10.4*** |
| SANS apathy | 0.3 (0.6) | 0.6 (1.6) | 1.2 (2) | 2.3 (2) | F = 5** |
| SANS dimexp | 0.4 (1) | 0.7 (1.1) | 1.5 (2.4) | 2.7 (2.5) | F = 5.3** |
| BDI | 1.6 (1.4) | 4.6 (3.7) | 10.8 (9.6) | ||
| Calgary | 4.2 (4) | ||||
| MIS | 2.1 (2.9) | 2.5 (1.8) | 5.5 (2.5) | ||
| PSYRATS | 5 (5.5) | ||||
| RRS win | −0.035 (0.045) | −0.05 (0.055) | −0.029 (0.026) | −0.042 (0.032) | F = .9 |
| RRS lose | −0.029 (0.043) | −0.041 (0.052) | −0.027 (0.024) | −0.027 (0.027) | F = .5 |
| Total win (euros) | 29 (6) | 29 (6) | 29 (4) | 28 (7) | F = .1 |
Note: Values given as mean ± SD. MWT-B, vocabulary-based test for the assessment of premorbid intelligence; RRS, reward related speeding; PAS/SAS, Physical and social anhedonia scales; TEPS, Temporal experience of pleasure scale; CAPE, Community assessment of psychotic experiences; AES, Apathy evaluation scale; PANSS, Positive and negative symptom scale; SANS, Scale for the assessment of negative symptoms; BDI, Beck depression inventory; MIS, Magic ideation scale; PSYRATS, Psychotic symptom rating scales.
***P < .001, **P < .01, *P < .05.