Table 3. Mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values (× 10⁻³ mm²s^-1) of 3.0-Tesla using MRI from normal parenchyma, benign lesions, and malignant lesions, and ADC values’ utility in tumor characterization.

A review of the literature.

	Bogner et al (2009)	Cakir et al (2013)	Park et al (2015)	Dong et al (2014)	Nogueira et al (2014)
Field strength and manufacturer	3T (Siemens)	3T (Philips)	3T (Siemens)	3T (GE)	3T (Siemens)
N	51	52	110	87	53
B values (mm2s-1)	500, 850	0, 50, 850, 1000, 1500; lower b range 0–1000 and higher b range 0–1500	0, 100	0, 800	50, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 2000, 3000
MRI sequence order	DWI prior to DCE	DWI prior to DCE	UN	UN	DWI prior to DCE
ROI type and placement	Three-dimensional large ROI, avoiding fatty and necrotic tissue	Average of automatic double reading; having two combined b values; excluding hemorrhagic, cystic, and necrotic areas	Average of manual reading repeated 2–5 times; having two combined values; excluding hemorrhagic, cystic, and necrotic areas	Mean value of 3 round ROIs avoiding necrosis and hemorrhage, size 10 to 20 mm2	ROI placed on the area of highest hyperintensity on DCE, size 10 mm2
ADC breast parenchyma	1.87±0.22	Lower: 1.66±0.34, higher: 1.48±0.30	1.51±0.29	1.696	1.99±0.27
ADC benign lesion	1.51±0.22	Lower: 1.27±0.37, higher: 1.20±0.40	1.41±0.56	NS	1.71±0.35
ADC malignant tumor	0.99±0.18	Lower: 0.82±0.07 and b range 0–1500: 0.82±0.08	0.88±0.15	1.065	1.08±0.25
ADC cut-off for malignancy	1.25	b range 0–1000: 1.23, higher 1.12	NS	NS	1.41
Sensitivity (%)	96	Lower: 92.9, higher: 96.2	NS	NS	94.3
Specificity (%)	94	Lower: 54.5, higher: 59.1	NS	NS	87.5
Positive Predictive Value (%)	NS	Lower: 72.2, higher73.5	NS	NS	91.7
Negative Predictive Value (%)	NS	Lower: 85.7, higher: 92.9	NS	NS	91.3
Accuracy (%)	95	NS	NS	NS	91.5

T = tesla

ROI = region of interest

N = number of patients

NS = not studied

DWI = diffusion-weighted imaging sequence

DCE = dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging sequence

UN = unspecified.