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Levels of valence and arousal of emotional states in pre- and post-experimental epochs under the speaking and writing conditions (M ± SD).
| Emotion | Speaking | Writing | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Pre | Post | |
| Valence | 5.47 ± 1.56 | 4.71 ± 1.58 | 6.20 ± 1.42 | 5.02 ± 1.97 |
| Arousal | 4.24 ± 1.87 | 5.00 ± 2.06 | 4.22 ± 1.99 | 5.20 ± 2.02 |
