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. 2015 Oct 13;5:15142. doi: 10.1038/srep15142

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(a) Markov chain representation of a multiplex networks with two layers U and V. A lower case letter represents absence of a link in the layer and the upper case letter represents a presence of a link in the layer. Probabilities that are on edges of the same color sum to one. (b) Markov chain representation for the edge dynamics on two layers U and V of a multiplex, assuming they are independent of each other. The product of these two Markov chains serves as a null model for estimating the presence of spillover.