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. 2015 Oct 13;9:50. doi: 10.3389/fnint.2015.00050

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Anatomy of the larval taste system. (A) Fine structure of the larval cephalic organs: frontal view of the larval cephalon with the external sensory organs on each cephalic lobe: the dorsal organ (DO), the terminal organ (TO), the ventral organ (VO), which is hidden behind a row of cirri (hairlike, cuticle structures around the mouth opening). All organs are located as paired structures dorsally to the mouth and mouth hooks. (B) Schematic overview on the cephalic and pharyngeal chemosensory system. Shown are the major gustatory and olfactory organs, respective ganglions and central projections. Four main nerves connect the chemosensory organs with the central nervous system: antennal nerve (AN), labral nerve (LN), maxillary nerve (MN) and labial nerve (LBN). The brain is shown in gray. Olfactory processes of the DO innervate the larval antennal lobe via the AN. Putative gustatory DO projections are assumed to enter the subesophageal ganglion (SOG). Three cells from the DO ganglion send their dendrites into the TO. The TO and the VO project along the MN which enters the SOG. Four pharyngeal organs locate along the pharynx (PH). Projections from the VPS innervate the SOG over the LBN. The DPS, the DPO and the PPS send projections along the LN to the SOG. (Figure modified from Python and Stocker, 2002; Gerber and Stocker, 2007). Scale bar: 20 μm.