Figure 3.

Ciliary beating frequencies of all experimental groups at 0, 10, 20, 30, 60 and 120 minutes. Values are expressed as means ± SE. TSP and 3.0 mg/mL of urban particulate matter presented significantly lower values than AR and 0.1 mg/mL of urban particulate matter at all times of exposure (p<0.001). TSP, total suspension particles collected from an electrostatic precipitator of a steel plant; 0.1 PM2.5, urban particulate matter 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter at a 0.1 mg/mL concentration; 3.0 PM2.5, urban particulate matter 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter at a 3.0 mg/mL concentration.