Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants in the Women’s Health Initiative (N = 120,495)
| Antidepressant medication use | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | Total | No | Yes | Total | |
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
| WHI-OS N = 68,169 | WHI-CT N = 52,326 | |||||
| Baseline presence of elevated depressive symptomsa | ||||||
| No | 54923 (86.7 %) | 3440 (71.8 %) | 58363 (85.6 %) | 42582 (86.7 %) | 2238 (70.2 %) | 44820 (85.7 %) |
| Yes | 8457 (13.3 %) | 1349 (28.2 %) | 9806 (14.4 %) | 6557 (13.3 %) | 949 (29.8 %) | 7506 (14.3 %) |
| Agea | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 63.7 (7.3) | 62.1 (7.3) | 63.6 (7.3) | 62.8 (6.9) | 61.77 (6.9) | 62.8 (6.9) |
| Median (IQR) | 64.0 (11.0) | 62.0 (12.0) | 64.0 (11.0) | 63.0 (11.0) | 61.0 (11.0) | 63.0 (11.0) |
| Ethnicitya | ||||||
| American Indian/Alaskan Native | 208 (0.3 %) | 19 (0.4 %) | 227 (0.3 %) | 181 (0.4 %) | 8 (0.3 %) | 189 (0.4 %) |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 2009 (3.2 %) | 44 (0.9 %) | 2053 (3.0 %) | 1207 (2.5 %) | 22 (0.7 %) | 1229 (2.4 %) |
| Black/African American | 4037 (6.4 %) | 158 (3.3 %) | 4195 (6.2 %) | 4266 (8.7 %) | 119 (3.7 %) | 4385 (8.4 %) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 1845 (2.9 %) | 146 (3.1 %) | 1991 (2.9 %) | 1711 (3.5 %) | 85 (2.7 %) | 1796 (3.4 %) |
| White | 54614 (86.2 %) | 4380 (91.5 %) | 58994 (86.5 %) | 41243 (83.9 %) | 2924 (91.8 %) | 44167 (84.4 %) |
| Other | 667 (1.1 %) | 42 (0.9 %) | 709 (1.0 %) | 531 (1.1 %) | 29 (0.9 %) | 560 (1.1 %) |
| Education | ||||||
| <= High school | 2409 (3.8 %) | 189 (4 %) | 2598 (3.8 %) | 2302 (4.7 %) | 144 (4.5 %) | 2446 (4.7 %) |
| High school or GED | 9765 (15.5 %) | 752 (15.9 %) | 10517 (15.5 %) | 8991 (18.4 %) | 587 (18.5 %) | 9578 (18.4 %) |
| > = High school, but less than 4 years of college | 22587 (35.9 %) | 1765 (37.2 %) | 24352 (36.0 %) | 19110 (39.1 %) | 1236 (39.0 %) | 20346 (39.1 %) |
| 4 or more years of college | 28152 (44.7 %) | 2036 (42.9 %) | 30188 (44.6 %) | 18426 (37.7 %) | 1199 (37.9 %) | 19625 (37.7 %) |
| BMIa | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 26.7 (5.5) | 27.9 (6.0) | 26.8 (5.5) | 28.5 (5.6) | 29.4 (6.0) | 28.5 (5.7) |
| Median (IQR) | 25.6 (6.3) | 26.7 (7.2) | 25.7 (6.4) | 27.6 (7.2) | 28.4 (8.0) | 27.6 (7.2) |
| Minutes of recreational physical activity per weeka | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 206.9 (186.2) | 172.1 (174.8) | 204.5 (185.6) | 163.2 (169.0) | 138.9 (159.2) | 161.7 (168.5) |
| Median (IQR) | 165.0 (225.0) | 135.0 (212.5) | 165.0 (225.0) | 125.0 (215.0) | 85.0 (195.0) | 120.0 (215.0) |
| Total energy intake (kcal/day)a | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 1533.1 (599.9) | 1615.1 (640.4) | 1538.8 (603.2) | 1716.7 (679.5) | 1819.7 (711.9) | 1723.0 (682.0) |
| Median (IQR) | 1461.3 (730.1) | 1533.2 (765.8) | 1465.4 (733.4) | 1618.3 (832.5) | 1716.3 (870.8) | 1623.7 (833.7) |
| Hormone replacement therapy usea | ||||||
| Never | 18423 (29.6 %) | 738 (15.7 %) | 19161 (28.6 %) | 17793 (37.9 %) | 662 (21.6 %) | 18455 (36.9 %) |
| Former | 12885 (20.7 %) | 914 (19.4 %) | 13799 (20.6 %) | 12122 (25.8 %) | 760 (24.8 %) | 12882 (25.7 %) |
| Current | 30931 (49.7 %) | 3055 (64.9 %) | 33986 (50.8 %) | 17057 (36.3 %) | 1644 (53.6 %) | 18701 (37.4 %) |
| Family history of diabetes | ||||||
| No | 41656 (66.0 %) | 3114 (65.2 %) | 44770 (65.9 %) | 31282 (63.9 %) | 2022 (63.7 %) | 33304 (63.9 %) |
| Yes | 18923 (30.0 %) | 1463 (30.6 %) | 20386 (30.0 %) | 15378 (31.4 %) | 1004 (31.6 %) | 16382 (31.4 %) |
| Don’t know | 2569 (4.1 %) | 198 (4.1 %) | 2767 (4.1 %) | 2280 (4.7 %) | 147 (4.6 %) | 2427 (4.7 %) |
| Smoking statusa | ||||||
| Never smoked | 32614 (52.0 %) | 2188 (46.2 %) | 34802 (51.6 %) | 25547 (52.5 %) | 1429 (45.2 %) | 26976 (52.1 %) |
| Past smoker | 26685 (42.6 %) | 2207 (46.6 %) | 28892 (42.9 %) | 19615 (40.3 %) | 1445 (45.7 %) | 21060 (40.6 %) |
| Current smoker | 3370 (5.4 %) | 339 (7.2 %) | 3709 (5.5 %) | 3495 (7.2 %) | 285 (9.0 %) | 3780 (7.3 %) |
| Reported diagnosis of diabetes by end of follow-upa | ||||||
| No | 60077 (94.8 %) | 4468 (93.3 %) | 64545 (94.7 %) | 45269 (92.1 %) | 2886 (90.6 %) | 48155 (92.0 %) |
| Yes | 3303 (5.2 %) | 321 (6.7 %) | 3624 (5.3 %) | 3870 (7.9 %) | 301 (9.4 %) | 4171 (8.0 %) |
| Years from enrollment to developing diabetesa | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 7.7 (1.5) | 7.6 (1.5) | 7.7 (1.5) | 8.0 (1.7) | 7.9 (1.7) | 8.0 (1.7) |
| Median (IQR) | 7.9 (2.0) | 7.9 (2.0) | 7.9 (2.0) | 8.0 (1.7) | 8.00 (1.9) | 8.0 (1.8) |
a P – value of <0.002 or lower