Table 4.
Baseline characteristics of study participants, by presence of elevated depressive symptoms
| Presence of elevated depressive symptoms | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | Total | No | Yes | Total | |
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
| WHI-OS N = 68,169 | WHI-CT N = 52,326 | |||||
| Antidepression medication usea | ||||||
| No | 54923 (94.1 %) | 8457 (86.2 %) | 63380 (93.0 %) | 42582 (95.0 %) | 6557 (87.4 %) | 49139 (93.9 %) |
| Yes | 3440 (5.9 %) | 1349 (13.8 %) | 4789 (7.0 %) | 2238 (5.0 %) | 949 (12.6 %) | 3187 (6.1 %) |
| Agea | ||||||
| Mean(SD) | 63.7 (7.2) | 62.9 (7.5) | 63.6 (7.3) | 62.9 (6.9) | 61.8 (7.1) | 62.8 (6.9) |
| Median(IQR) | 64.0 (11.0) | 63.0 (12.0) | 64.0 (11.0) | 63.0 (11.0) | 61.0 (11.0) | 63.0 (11.0) |
| Ethnicitya | ||||||
| American Indian/Alaskan Native | 172 (0.3 %) | 55 (0.6 %) | 227 (0.3 %) | 151 (0.3 %) | 38 (0.5 %) | 189 (0.4 %) |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 1839 (3.2 %) | 214 (2.2 %) | 2053 (3.0 %) | 1124 (2.5 %) | 105 (1.4 %) | 1229 (2.4 %) |
| Black/African American | 3490 (6.0 %) | 705 (7.2 %) | 4195 (6.2 %) | 3607 (8.1 %) | 778 (10.4 %) | 4385 (8.4 %) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 1478 (2.5 %) | 513 (5.2 %) | 1991 (2.9 %) | 1313 (2.9 %) | 483 (6.4 %) | 1796 (3.4 %) |
| White | 50798 (87 %) | 8196 (83.6 %) | 58994 (86.5 %) | 38158 (85.1 %) | 6009 (80.1 %) | 44167 (84.4 %) |
| Other | 586 (1.0 %) | 123 (1.3 %) | 709 (1.0 %) | 467 (1.0 %) | 93 (1.2 %) | 560 (1.1 %) |
| Educationa | ||||||
| <= High school | 1957 (3.4 %) | 641 (6.6 %) | 2598 (3.8 %) | 1837 (4.1 %) | 609 (8.2 %) | 2446 (4.7 %) |
| High school or GED | 8784 (15.2 %) | 1733 (17.8 %) | 10517 (15.5 %) | 8074 (18.1 %) | 1504 (20.2 %) | 9578 (18.4 %) |
| > = High school, but less than 4 years of college | 20643 (35.6 %) | 3709 (38.2 %) | 24352 (36.0 %) | 17315 (38.9 %) | 3031 (40.7 %) | 20346 (39.1 %) |
| 4 or more years of college | 26557 (45.8 %) | 3631 (37.4 %) | 30188 (44.6 %) | 17330 (38.9 %) | 2295 (30.9 %) | 19625 (37.7 %) |
| BMIa | ||||||
| Mean(SD) | 26.7 (5.4) | 27.6 (6.0) | 26.8 (5.5) | 28.4 (5.6) | 29.3 (6.0) | 28.5 (5.7) |
| Median(IQR) | 25.6 (6.3) | 26.5 (7.1) | 25.7 (6.4) | 27.5 (7.1) | 28.4 (7.7) | 27.6 (7.2) |
| Minutes of recreational physical activity per weeka | ||||||
| Mean(SD) | 210.1 (186.6) | 170.8 (175.7) | 204.5 (185.6) | 165.4 (168.7) | 139.7 (165.5) | 161.7 (168.5) |
| Median(IQR) | 170.0 (225.0) | 127.5 (220.0) | 165.0 (225.0) | 125.0 (220.0) | 85.0 (200.0) | 120.0 (215.0) |
| Total energy intake (kcal/day)a | ||||||
| Mean(SD) | 1529.7 (588.9) | 1593.2 (679.5) | 1538.8 (603.2) | 1710.7 (666.7) | 1796.8 (762.7) | 1723.0 (682.0) |
| Median(IQR) | 1461.9 (719.7) | 1493.9 (817.1) | 1465.4 (733.4) | 1618.0 (815.0) | 1671.6 (951.6) | 1623.7 (833.7) |
| HRT use evera | ||||||
| Never | 16498 (28.8 %) | 2663 (27.7 %) | 19161 (28.6 %) | 15945 (37.2 %) | 2510 (34.9 %) | 18455 (36.9 %) |
| Former | 11590 (20.2 %) | 2209 (22.9 %) | 13799 (20.6 %) | 10805 (25.2 %) | 2077 (28.9 %) | 12882 (25.7 %) |
| Current | 29228 (51.0 %) | 4758 (49.4 %) | 33986 (50.8 %) | 16099 (37.6 %) | 2602 (36.2 %) | 18701 (37.4 %) |
| Relative had adult diabetesa | ||||||
| No | 38718 (66.6 %) | 6052 (62.0 %) | 44770 (65.9 %) | 28802 (64.5 %) | 4502 (60.3 %) | 33304 (63.9 %) |
| Yes | 17225 (29.6 %) | 3161 (32.4 %) | 20386 (30.0 %) | 13867 (31.1 %) | 2515 (33.7 %) | 16382 (31.4 %) |
| Smoking statusa | ||||||
| Never Smoked | 29984 (52.0 %) | 4818 (49.7 %) | 34802 (51.6 %) | 23382 (52.7 %) | 3594 (48.4 %) | 26976 (52.1 %) |
| Past Smoker | 24751 (42.9 %) | 4141 (42.7 %) | 28892 (42.9 %) | 18012 (40.6 %) | 3048 (41.1 %) | 21060 (40.6 %) |
| Current Smoker | 2971 (5.1 %) | 738 (7.6 %) | 3709 (5.5 %) | 3004 (6.8 %) | 776 (10.5 %) | 3780 (7.3 %) |
| Reported diagnosis of diabetes by end of follow-upa | ||||||
| No | 55407 (94.9%) | 9138 (93.2%) | 64545 (94.7%) | 41399 (92.4%) | 6756 (90.0%) | 48155 (92.0%) |
| Yes | 2956 (5.1%) | 668 (6.8%) | 3624 (5.3%) | 3421 (7.6%) | 750 (10.0%) | 4171 (8.0%) |
| Years from enrollment to development of diabetesa | ||||||
| Mean(SD) | 7.7 (1.5) | 7.6 (1.6) | 7.7 (1.5) | 8.0 (1.7) | 7.9 (1.8) | 8.0 (1.7) |
| Median(IQR) | 7.9 (2.0) | 7.9 (2.0) | 7.9 (2.0) | 8.0 (1.7) | 8.0 (1.9) | 8.0 (1.8) |
| Don’t Know | 2212 (3.8 %) | 555 (5.7 %) | 2767 (4.1 %) | 1975 (4.4 %) | 452 (6.1 %) | 2427 (4.7 %) |
a P-value <0.007 or lower