Table 2. Mean parental stress overall and by postpartum depression status (N = 289 visits).

Parental stress, overall and by subscale	Overall Mean (SD)	Postpartum depression Mean (SD)	No postpartum depression Mean (SD)	p value
Total stress (range, 36–180)	64.9 (15.9)	80.7 (13.1)	62.4 (14.8)	<0.0001
Parental distress subscale (range, 12–60)	25.0 (8.3)	35.6 (7.9)	23.4 (7.0)	<0.0001
Parent–child dysfunction subscale (range, 12–60)	18.6 (5.6)	21.0 (5.0)	18.2 (5.6)	<0.01
Difficult child subscale (range, 12–60)	21.4 (5.5)	24.1 (6.2)	21.0 (5.3)	<0.01