. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Oct 13.

Published in final edited form as: Matern Child Health J. 2014 Aug;18(6):1532–1539. doi: 10.1007/s10995-013-1394-7

Table 3. Bivariate and multivariate analysis of the impact of parental stress on postpartum depression (N = 289 visits).

Variable	Bivariate analysis OR (95 % CI); p value	Multivariate analysis^a AOR (95 % CI); p value
Total stress	1.05 (1.03–1.08); <0.0001	1.06 (1.04–1.09); <0.0001
Parental distress subscale	1.10 (1.05–1.16); <0.0001	1.13 (1.07–1.18); <0.0001
Parent–child dysfunction subscale	1.03 (0.98–1.08); 0.25	1.06 (1.00–1.13); 0.03
Difficult child subscale	1.05 (1.01–1.09); 0.02	1.07 (1.00–1.14); 0.04

OR odds ratio, AOR adjusted odds ratio

All multivariate models were adjusted for study arm, age, born in the United States, prior history of depression, and number of study visits