Fig. 5.

Experimental data collected in this study. (A) The original data for DMSO collected by MCP-PMT. The 532-nm excitation pulse is also included as a reference. (B) The sensitivity of the MCP-PMT. (C) Comparison between the Raman spectra acquired by conventional spectrometer, MCP-PMT, and APD, respectively. The sample was DMSO. The sensitivity curve shown in (B) was applied. (D) The Raman spectra zoomed-in to 2,800–3,100 cm⁻¹ in wavenumber. (E–G) Comparisons between the Raman spectra acquired by pure ethanol, pure methanol, and pure 2-propanol, respectively. (H–J) Additional comparisons between the Raman spectra acquired from pure mineral oil, pure acetone, and glucose solution, respectively; the spectra in E–J were calibrated by the ethanol data shown in E. The concentration of the glucose solution was ∼1 M during the time-gated measurements. When making conventional Raman spectroscopy measurements, we used saturated glucose solution.