The σ1s protein enhances reovirus virulence following intramuscular inoculation. (A) Newborn C57/BL6 mice were inoculated in the left hindlimb with 106 PFU of wild-type or σ1s-null T3 reovirus. Mice (n = 19 for each virus strain) were monitored for survival for 25 days. *, P < 0.001 as determined by log-rank test in comparison to wild-type T3 reovirus. (B) The σ1s protein is not required for reovirus spread by neural routes. Newborn C57/BL6 mice were inoculated in the left hindlimb with 106 PFU of wild-type or σ1s-null T3 reovirus. At days 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 post-inoculation, mice were euthanized, hindlimb muscle, spinal cord, and brain were resected, and viral titers were determined by plaque assay. Results are expressed as mean viral titers for 6–9 animals for each time point. Error bars indicate SEM. *, P < 0.05 as determined by Mann-Whitney test in comparison to wild-type T3 reovirus. Copyright © American Society for Microbiology, Journal of Virology, vol. 85, 2011, pages 11781 1790, doi: 10.1128/JVI.02289-10.