Table 4.
Likelihood of having C-section by women’s background characteristics, women having given birth within three years prior to surveys in 1997, 2003 and 2011 Mozambique, crude likelihood and adjusted results by logistic regression, odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI)
| Crude OR (95 % CI) | Adjusted ORa (95 % CI) | Adjusted ORb (95 % CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Years | |||
| 1995–1997 | 1.00 | 1.00 | -- |
| 2001–2003 | 0.82 (0.62–1.10) | 0.84 (0.63–1.13) | – |
| 2009–2011 | 1.95 (1.52–2.51) | 1.98 (1.54–2.54) | -- |
| Place of residence | |||
| Rural | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Urban | 4.93 (4.06–5.98) | 4.58 (3.77–5.57) | 4.45 (3.66–5.41) |
| Region | |||
| North | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Central | 1.21 (0.91–1.62) | 1.20 (0.90–1.61) | 1.19 (0.89–1.58) |
| South | 3.41 (2.62–4.43) | 3.02 (2.32–3.94) | 3.08 (2.36–4.01) |
| Age | |||
| 14–19 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 20–25 | 0.80 (0.62–1.02) | 1.28 (0.98–1.67) | 1.28 (0.98–1.67) |
| 26–29 | 0.87 (0.65–1.15) | 2.22 (1.58–3.11) | 2.22 (1.58–3.11) |
| 30+ | 0.80 (0.62–1.03) | 2.85 (1.98–4.10) | 2.77 (1.92–3.98) |
| Education | |||
| No education | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Primary | 2.28 (1.77–2.93) | 2.31 (1.79–2.98) | 2.29 (1.78–2.96) |
| Secondary+ | 7.86 (5.95–10.4) | 6.60 (4.93–8.85) | 5.74 (4.26–7.74) |
| Parity | |||
| 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2–3 | 0.53 (0.43–0.66) | 0.39 (0.31–0.50) | 0.39 (0.31–0.50) |
| 4+ | 0.44 (0.35–0.54) | 0.21 (0.15–0.29) | 0.21 (0.15–0.29) |
| Wealth quintile | |||
| Poorest | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Poor | 1.52 (0.88–2.64) | 1.52 (0.88–2.63) | 1.42 (0.82–2.47) |
| Middle | 1.93 (1.15–3.25) | 1.95 (1.16–3.28) | 1.86 (1.11–3.13) |
| Richer | 3.52 (2.19–5.68) | 3.44 (2.13–5.54) | 3.25 (2.01–5.24) |
| Richest | 11.81 (7.60–18.4) | 10.34 (6.63–16.1) | 9.80 (6.28–15.3) |
| Place of delivery c | |||
| Public health center | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Public hospital | 4.43 (3.59–5.47) | 4.22 (3.42–5.20) | 4.41 (3.57–5.45) |
| Other | 2.86 (1.81–4.52) | 2.77 (1.75–4.38) | 2.53 (1.59–4.01) |
aAdjusted for maternal age and parity
bAdjusted for maternal age, parity and year
cPlace of delivery (excluding home births): “public health center”: 7 % of births occurred at a “public health post” in the 1997 survey, but none in the 2003 survey, and there was no “public health post” category in the 2011 survey; “other” includes private and non-specified health facilities