Table 3.
Proportion of induction factors’ score as per food advertisement categories
| Influencing factors | Advertisement Recognition | Favourite Advertisement | Purchase Request | Product Preference | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Core | Non-core | Core | Non-core | Core | Non-core | Core | Non-core | |
| M (IQR) | M (IQR) | M (IQR) | M (IQR) | M (IQR) | M (IQR) | M (IQR) | M (IQR) | |
| Overall | 0.78 | 0.93 | 0.44 | 0.73 | 0.33 | 0.60 | 0.44 | 0.73 |
| (0.56–0.89) | (0.80–1.00) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.53–0.87) | (0.11–0.44) | (0.40–0.80) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.60–0.87) | |
| Duration of TV viewinga | ||||||||
| <3 h (n = 211) | 0.67 | 0.93 | 0.33 | 0.67 | 0.33 | 0.60 | 0.33 | 0.67 |
| (0.56–0.89) | (0.80–1.00) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.47–0.80) | (0.11–0.44) | (0.40–0.73) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.53–0.80) | |
| ≥3 h (n = 191) | 0.78 | 1.00 | 0.44 | 0.80 | 0.33 | 0.67 | 0.44 | 0.80 |
| (0.56–0.89) | (0.87–1.00) | (0.33–0.67) | (0.60–0.93) | (0.22–0.44) | (0.47–0.80) | (0.33–0.56) | (0.67–0.87) | |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Boys (n = 174) | 0.67 | 0.93 | 0.33 | 0.73 | 0.33 | 0.63 | 0.44 | 0.73 |
| (0.44–0.89) | (0.85–1.00) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.58–0.87) | (0.19–0.44) | (0.40–0.80) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.60–0.87) | |
| Girls (n = 228) | 0.78 | 0.93 | 0.44 | 0.73 | 0.33 | 0.60 | 0.44 | 0.67 |
| (0.56–0.89) | (0.80–1.00) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.53–0.87) | (0.11–0.44) | (0.40–0.73) | (0.22–0.55) | (0.55–0.80) | |
| Ethnic | ||||||||
| Malay (n = 154) | 0.89 | 1.00 | 0.44 | 0.80 | 0.33 | 0.67 | 0.44 | 0.80 |
| (0.67–1.00) | (0.93–1.00) | (0.33–0.67) | (0.60–0.93) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.47–0.80) | (0.33–0.67) | (0.60–0.93) | |
| Chinese (n = 125) | 0.67 | 0.93 | 0.33 | 0.67 | 0.22 | 0.53 | 0.33 | 0.67 |
| (0.56–0.89) | (0.80–1.00) | (0.11–0.44) | (0.47–0.80) | (0.11–0.44) | (0.36–0.70) | (0.22–0.44) | (0.53–0.80) | |
| Indian (n = 123) | 0.56 | 0.80 | 0.44 | 0.73 | 0.22 | 0.60 | 0.33 | 0.67 |
| (0.33–0.78) | (0.73–1.00) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.60–0.87) | (0.11–0.44) | (0.40–0.73) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.60–0.80) | |
| Age | ||||||||
| Younger children (n = 136) | 0.67 | 0.93 | 0.44 | 0.73 | 0.33 | 0.67 | 0.44 | 0.73 |
| (0.47–0.89) | (0.80–1.00) | (0.22–0.67) | (0.60–0.93) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.47–0.80) | (0.25–0.67) | (0.60–0.87) | |
| Older children (n = 266) | 0.78 | 0.93 | 0.33 | 0.73 | 0.33 | 0.60 | 0.44 | 0.73 |
| (0.56–0.89) | (0.80–1.00) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.53–0.87) | (0.11–0.44) | (0.40–0.73) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.58–0.87) | |
| Body Mass Index, BMI | ||||||||
| Severely wasted and wasted (n = 44) | 0.78 | 0.93 | 0.33 | 0.73 | 0.33 | 0.53 | 0.33 | 0.67 |
| (0.56–0.89) | (0.87–1.00) | (0.25–0.56) | (0.53–0.80) | (0.22–0.44) | (0.40–0.73) | (0.33–0.56) | (0.55–0.85) | |
| Normal (n = 219) | 0.78 | 0.93 | 0.44 | 0.73 | 0.33 | 0.60 | 0.44 | 0.73 |
| (0.56–0.89) | (0.87–1.00) | (0.22–0.67) | (0.53–0.93) | (0.11–0.44) | (0.47–0.80) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.60–0.87) | |
| Possible risk of overweight (n = 63) | 0.78 | 0.93 | 0.33 | 0.73 | 0.22 | 0.53 | 0.44 | 0.80 |
| (0.56–0.89) | (0.80–1.00) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.53–0.87) | (0.11–0.33) | (0.40–0.80) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.60–0.87) | |
| Overweight and obese (n = 76) | 0.72 | 0.93 | 0.33 | 0.73 | 0.33 | 0.60 | 0.44 | 0.70 |
| (0.44–0.89) | (0.75–1.00) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.53–0.80) | (0.22–0.53) | (0.40–0.73) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.53–0.80) | |
| TV Set in Bedroom | ||||||||
| No TV in bedroom (n = 318) | 0.78 | 0.93 | 0.44 | 0.73 | 0.33 | 0.60 | 0.44 | 0.73 |
| (0.56–0.89) | (0.80–1.00) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.53–0.87) | (0.11–0.44) | (0.40–0.80) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.60–0.87) | |
| TV in bedroom (n = 84) | 0.78 | 1.00 | 0.44 | 0.73 | 0.33 | 0.63 | 0.39 | 0.39 |
| (0.56–0.89) | (0.87–1.00) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.60–0.87) | (0.22–0.44) | (0.40–0.80) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.53–0.85) | |
| Physical Activity Level (PAL)a | ||||||||
| PAL ≤1 h (n = 246) | 0.67 | 0.93 | 0.39 | 0.73 | 0.33 | 0.60 | 0.44 | 0.73 |
| (0.44–0.89) | (0.87–1.00) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.53–0.87) | (0.11–0.44) | (0.40–0.80) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.60–0.87) | |
| PAL >1 h (n = 156) | 0.78 | 0.93 | 0.44 | 0.70 | 0.33 | 0.60 | 0.44 | 0.73 |
| (0.56–0.89) | (0.87–1.00) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.53–0.87) | (0.22–0.44) | (0.40–0.80) | (0.33–0.56) | (0.55–0.87) | |
| Pocket Moneya | ||||||||
| RM 2.50 and less or ≤ USD 0.80 per day (n = 175) | 0.67 | 0.93 | 0.44 | 0.73 | 0.33 | 0.60 | 0.44 | 0.73 |
| (0.56–0.89) | (0.80–1.00) | (0.22–0.67) | (0.53–0.87) | (0.11–0.44) | (0.40–0.73) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.60–0.87) | |
| More than RM 2.50 or > USD 0.80 per day (n = 227) | 0.78 | 0.93 | 0.33 | 0.73 | 0.33 | 0.60 | 0.44 | 0.73 |
| (0.56–0.89) | (0.87–1.00) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.53–0.87) | (0.22–0.44) | (0.40–0.80) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.60–0.87) | |
| Internet Surfing Time (ST)a | ||||||||
| ST ≤30 min (n = 220) | 0.67 | 0.93 | 0.33 | 0.73 | 0.22 | 0.60 | 0.44 | 0.73 |
| (0.44–0.89) | (0.80–1.00) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.53–0.87) | (0.11–0.44) | (0.40–0.78) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.60–0.87) | |
| ST >30 min (n = 182) | 0.78 | 0.93 | 0.44 | 0.73 | 0.33 | 0.60 | 0.44 | 0.73 |
| (0.56–1.00) | (0.87–1.00) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.53–0.87) | (0.22–0.44) | (0.40–0.80) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.53–0.87) | |
| Household Income | ||||||||
| Low [≤RM 2300 or ≤ USD 720 per month] (n = 190) | 0.78 | 0.93 | 0.44 | 0.73 | 0.33 | 0.60 | 0.44 | 0.73 |
| (0.56–0.89) | (0.80–1.00) | (0.22–0.67) | (0.53–0.87) | (0.11–0.47) | (0.40–0.80) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.60–0.87) | |
| Medium and high [>RM2300 or > USD 720 per month] (n = 212) | 0.78 | 0.93 | 0.33 | 0.73 | 0.33 | 0.60 | 0.39 | 0.67 |
| (0.56–0.89) | (0.87–1.00) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.53–0.87) | (0.11–0.44) | (0.42–0.80) | (0.22–0.56) | (0.60–0.87) | |
M = median, IQR = interquartile range, core = core foods, non-core = non-core foods
Note: Core foods are defined as low-calorie, nutrient-dense food products, while non-core foods are foods high in fat, refined sugars, and salt (HFSS) [33]
aCategorisation for influencing factors was based on median of subjects
*Significance for core to non-core food in each induction factor comparison were recorded as p < 0.001