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. 2015 Oct 12;8:166. doi: 10.1186/s13068-015-0351-7

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© Li et al. 2015

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 5 — Comparison of intracellular NADH and NADPH levels and butanol production by altering l-tryptophan level. The extent of anaerobic growth is indicated where one “+” refers to an OD₆₀₀ of around 1.6–2.0 in cultures. Changes in activities were observed for butyraldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) or butanol dehydrogenase (BDH) which requires redox cofactors (NADH and NADPH) during butanol synthesis. Redistributed carbon flux to butanol in terms of butnaol–biosolvent ratio and butanol–bioacid ratio was specified in the table at the bottom by manipulating l-tryptophan levels