Table 1.
Demographic and disease characteristics in children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)
| Characteristic | Overall | Epoch I | Epoch II | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 83) | (N = 26) | (N = 57) | ||
| Prenatal diagnosis of CDHa | 21 (25) | 1 (4) | 20 (35) | <0.001 |
| Sex | 0.888 | |||
| Male | 52 (63) | 16 (62) | 36 (63) | |
| Female | 31 (37) | 10 (38) | 21 (37) | |
| Gestational age, weeks | 38.6 ± 2.5 | 39.0 ± 2.0 | 38.4 ± 2.7 | 0.318 |
| Birth weight, kg | 3.1 ± 0.6 | 3.1 ± 0.6 | 3.1 ± 0.6 | 0.909 |
| Small for gestational age | 4 (5) | 1 (4) | 3 (5) | 1.00 |
| Apgar 1 minute | 6.4 ± 2.8 | 7.1 ± 2.6 | 6.1 ± 2.9 | 0.129 |
| Apgar 5 minute | 6.5 ± 2.7 | 6.5 ± 2.8 | 6.5 ± 2.7 | 0.920 |
| Early presentationb | 63 (76) | 19 (73) | 44 (77) | 0.684 |
| Local transfers | 47 (57) | 10 (38) | 37 (65) b | 0.024 |
| CDH type | 0.661 | |||
| Left | 70 (84) | 21 (81) | 49 (86) | |
| Right | 12 (15) | 5 (19) | 7 (12) | |
| Bilateral | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | |
| Probability of survival score (%) | 0.63 ± 0.26 | 0.63 ± 0.24 | 0.63 ± 0.26 | 0.988 |
| High (67–100) | 43 (52) | 14 (54) | 29 (51) | |
| Moderate (34–66) | 29 (35) | 9 (35) | 20 (35) | |
| Low (0–33) | 11 (13) | 3 (11) | 8 (14) | |
| Pneumothorax (preoperative) | 13 (16) | 4 (15) | 9 (16) | 0.962 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | <0.001 | |||
| Not assessed | 20 (24) | 20 (77) | 0 (0) | |
| Present | 33 (40) | 1 (4) | 32 (56) | |
| Absent | 30 (36) | 5 (19) | 25 (44) | |
| Diaphragmal aplasia | 7 (8) | 3 (11) | 4 (7) | 0.672 |
| Peritoneal sac present | 8 (10) | 3 (11) | 5 (9) | 0.701 |
Data are N (%) or mean ± SD
aAll prenatally diagnosed CDH from remote areas were transferred to Zagreb, 1 in Epoch I, and 15 in Epoch II
bRespiratory distress at birth