Table 3.

Neuroimaging studies

Study	Subjects, design	CBD route, dose, timing	Measure	Effect of CBD
Crippa et al. [102]	10 HV, DBP	Oral 400 mg, acute, 60 and 75 min	SPECT, resting (rCBF)	↓ rCBF in left medial temporal cluster, including amygdala and HPC, also ↓ rCBF in the HYP and posterior cingulate gyrus ↑ rCBF in left PHG
Borgwardt et al. [108]	15 HV, DBP	Oral 600 mg, acute, 1–2 h	fMRI during oddball and go/no-go task	↓ Activation in left insula, STG and MTG
Fusar-Poli et al. [109]	15 HV, DBP	Oral 600 mg, acute, 1–2 h	fMRI activation during fearful faces task	↓ Activation in left medial temporal region, including amygdala and anterior PHG, and in right ACC and PCC
Fusar-Poli et al. [110]	15 HV, DBP	Oral 600 mg, acute, 1–2 h	fMRI functional connectivity during fearful faces task	↓ Functional connectivity between L) AMY and ACC
Crippa et al. [104]	SAD and HC DBP	Oral 400 mg, acute, 75 and 140 min	SPECT, resting (rCBF)	↓ rCBF in the left PHG, HPC and ITG. ↑ rCBF in the right posterior cingulate gyrus

CBD = cannabidiol; HV = healthy controls; DBP = double-blind placebo; SAD = social anxiety disorder; HC = healthy controls; SPECT = single-photo emission computed tomography; rCBF = regional cerebral blood flow; fMRI = functional magnetic resonance imaging; HPC = hippocampus; HYP = hypothalamus; PHG = parahippocampal gyrus; STG = superior temporal gyrus; MTG = medial temporal gyrus; ACC = anterior cingulate cortex; PCC = posterior cingulate cortex