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. 2015 Oct 14;9:526. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00526

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Copyright © 2015 Leff, James, Orihuela-Espina, Kwok, Sun, Mylonas, Athanasiou, Darzi and Yang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution and reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Figure depicting group averaged (O-P) channel activation for verbal (left) and gaze guidance (right). Magnitude of statistical changes in cortical hemodynamics reflect intensity of brain activation as follows: (A) statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in HbO₂ coupled to statistically significant (p < 0.05) decrease in HHb (red circles); (B) increase HbO₂ and decrease HHb with one species reaching statistical significance, p < 0.05 (spots); (C) increase HbO₂ and decrease HHb with neither species reaching statistical significance (stripes); and (D) no coupled increase HbO₂ and decrease HHb (clear circles). Verbal guidance resulted in a greater number of activating channels (control vs. CGC = 19/24 vs. 11/24).