Germline/HIFβ−/−
|
E10.5 |
– No up-regulation of glycolytic enzyme genes in ES cells |
– Developmental delay |
Maltepe et al., 1997 |
|
|
– No up-regulation of hypoglycemia genes in ES cells |
– Defect in YS angiogenesis |
|
|
|
|
– Lower VEGF level in YS and embryo proper |
|
Germline/HIFβ−/−
|
E9.5–10.5 |
|
– Impaired neural development |
[78] |
|
|
|
– Small fetal placenta and chorioallantoic plate |
|
|
|
|
– Defect in PL vascularization |
|
|
|
|
– Fetal placenta labyrinth cavities |
|
Germline/HIFβ−/−
|
Not mentioned |
|
– Abnormal vessel organization |
[64] |
|
|
|
– Less CD31+ cells throughout the embryo |
|
|
|
|
– Defect in chorio–allantoic fusion |
|
|
|
|
– Less VEGF expression in embryo |
|
|
|
|
– Failure of neural tube closure |
|
|
|
|
– Increased number of apoptotic cells in embryo |
|
Germline/HIF1α−/−
|
E11 |
– Down-regulation of glycolytic enzyme genes in ES cells |
– Developmental delay |
[62] |
|
|
– No up-regulation of Vegf
|
– Pericardial effusion |
|
|
|
– Impaired ES cell proliferation |
– Failure of neural tube closure |
|
|
|
|
– Extensive mesenchymal cell death |
|
|
|
|
– Abnormal vascular structure in cephalic region |
|
Germline/HIF1α−/−
|
Not mentioned |
– No up-regulation of glycolytic genes and Vegf in ES cells |
– Increased level of hypoxia in embryo |
Ryan et al., 1998 |
|
|
|
– Increased number of apoptotic cells in embryo |
|
|
|
|
– Defective YS vascularization |
|
|
|
|
– Defective cephalic vascularization |
|
Conditional/HIF1αfl: Tie2Cre
|
Not lethal |
– Less proliferation of endothelial cells |
– Reduction in vessel density |
Tang et al., 2004 |
|
|
– Defect in elongation of endothelial cells |
– Delayed wound healing |
|
|
|
– Less VEGF level in culture medium |
– Smaller, less necrotic, less vascularized tumor |
|
|
|
– No induction of VEGF receptors |
|
|
Germline/HIF2α−/−
|
E9.5–E12.5 |
|
– Vascular defect in YS and embryo proper |
Feng et al., 2011 |
Germline/HIF2α−/−
|
E12.5–E16.5 |
|
– Bradycardia |
Tian et al., 1998 |
|
|
|
– Reduced level of catecholamine |
|
Germline/HIF2α−/−
|
E13.5 |
|
– Cardiac failure |
Compernolle et al., 2002 |
|
Neonatal stage |
|
– Impaired lung maturation |
|