FIGURE 4.

Global change drivers affect coexistence mechanisms in a number of ways, at various levels of biological organization (from individuals to species) and at various spatial and temporal scales. Individual fast responses to environmental change co-occur with alterations in species interactions, resource use and many other changes that interactively affect species coexistence. Changes observed at the community level are thus resulting from the direct effect of global change drivers on both coexistence mechanisms and individual species responses to changes in these drivers.