Table 1.

Primer sequences and amplicon characteristics of the 11 candidate internal control genes.

Gene	Gene description	Arabidopsis ortholog locus	Primer sequence F/R (5′–3′)	Product size(bp)	Efficiency (%)	R2	Mean Ct	SD	CV (%)
18S rRNA	18S ribosomal RNA	AT3G41768	CTACGTCCCTGCCCTTTGTA	175	90.1	0.997	16.85	0.78	4.63
			GGTTCACCTACGGAAACCTTG
ACT	Actin	AT3G12110	CATTACCATTGGGGCAGAAC	168	113.7	0.991	25.75	1.31	5.09
			GAGCCACCACTGAGGACAAT
ACT7	Actin 7	AT5G09810	ACAATTGGAGCAGAGCGTTT	166	99.52	0.997	22.24	0.92	4.14
			TAGACCCACCGCTAAGCACT
DnaJ	Chaperone	AT3G07590	TGTATGCACCGAGGAAAATG	154	104.1	0.999	22.22	0.75	3.38
	protein dnaJ		GTGGAAAAATCGTTGGCAAT
EF1α	Elongation	AT1G07940	GAAGAAGGACCCATCTGGTG	130	104.2	0.990	18.28	0.94	5.14
	factor 1-alpha		TCCACAAAACCGCAATGTAA
RAN	Ras-related small	AT5G59840	GCCATGCCGATAAGAACATT	167	99.52	0.996	26.37	1.29	4.89
	GTP-binding protein		GTGAAGGCAGTCTCCCACAT
TUBα	Alpha-tubulin	AT4G14960	AATGCTTGCTGGGAGCTTTA	213	98.21	0.988	28.43	2.15	7.56
			GTGGAATAACTGGCGGTACG
TUBβ	Beta-tubulin	AT2G29550	CTGGTTCCTCTTCCTCACCA	201	108.9	0.999	22.40	1.07	4.78
			ACAAGATGTTCAGGCGTGTG
UBC	Ubiquitin-conjugating	AT3G52560	CTGCCATCTCCTTTTTCAGC	150	108.6	0.992	21.20	1.13	5.33
	enzyme like protein		CGAGTGTCCGTTTTCATTCA
UBI	Ubiquitin extension	AT2G47110	CCACTCTCCACCTTGTCCTC	158	108.9	0.989	21.44	0.62	2.89
	protein		CAGCCTCTGAACCTTTCCAG
UBQ	Ubiquitin	AT5G20620	TCTTTGCAGGGAAGCAACTT	219	96.49	0.997	20.13	1.54	7.65
			CTGCATAGCAGCAAGCTCAC
WRKY15	DNA-binding	AT2G23320	CTTGGACAGCGTTTTCTTCC	128	99.46	0.996	–	–	–
	Protein WRKY15		TGAATGGTTTTGGTGCAGAC

R², regression coefficient; SD, standard deviation; CV, co-variance.