Figure 1. Hypermethylation of MUPCDH promoter region in ADPKD.

(a) CpG sites on the MUPCDH promoter region are shown as vertical bars. The position of the translation start ATG is indicated by a black arrow. The exons are presented as thick black horizontal bars. Black horizontal dotted lines indicate the primer sites for methylation-sensitive high resolution melting analysis. Blue solid lines indicate the primer sites for the EpiTYPER® assay. (b) The DNA methylation status of the MUPCDH promoter CpG islands, covering approximately 1 kb upstream from the ATG, was quantitated by EpiTYPER® analysis in renal tissue and (c) renal epithelial cells. As shown in the EpiTYPER® heat map, hypermethylated CpG sites (yellow) were observed in ADPKD renal tissue (n = 4) and WT9-7 renal cystic epithelial cells, while CpG sites in non-ADPKD kidney tissue (n = 3) and human renal cortical epithelial cells were hypomethylated (red). P < 0.001.