Table 2. Crude and Adjusted Rate Ratios for the Risk of Hospitalization for Sepsis With Oral Antidiabetic Drugs.
| No. (%) |
odds Ratio (95%CI) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (n = 43,015) | Control (n = 43,015) | Crude | PValue | Adjusted* | PValue | |
| No Metformin use† | 26,430 (61.4) | 25,062 (58.3) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Metformin use | ||||||
| Any‡ | 16,585 (38.6) | 17,953 (41.7) | 0.87 (0.94–0.89) | <0.001 | 0.80 (0.77–0.83) | <0.001 |
| Current§ | 6,755 (15.7) | 7,828 (18.2) | 0.81 (0.78–0.84) | <0.001 | 0.77 (0.73–0.80) | <0.001 |
| Recent‖ | 3,647 (8.5) | 4,532 (10.5) | 0.76 (0.72–0.79) | <0.001 | 0.74 (0.70–0.79) | <0.001 |
| Past¶ | 6,183 (14.4) | 5,593 (13.0) | 1.04 (1.00–1.08) | 0.060 | 0.90 (0.86–0.95) | <0.001 |
| No DPP-4 inhibitor use† | 39,492 (91.8) | 39,739 (92.4) | 1 | 1 | ||
| DPP-4 use | ||||||
| Any‡ | 3,523 (8.2) | 3,276 (7.6) | 1.09 (1.03–1.14) | 0.001 | 1.01 (0.95–1.06) | 0.842 |
| Current§ | 1,148 (2.7) | 1,152 (2.7) | 1.01 (0.93–1.09) | <0.890 | 0.97 (0.89–1.07) | 0.543 |
| Recent‖ | 897 (2.1) | 887 (2.1) | 1.02 (0.93–1.12) | 0.657 | 1.06 (0.95–1.18) | 0.289 |
| Past¶ | 1,478 (3.4) | 1,237 (2.9) | 1.21 (1.12–1.30) | <0.001 | 1.01 (0.92–1.10) | 0.903 |
| No Sulfonylurea use† | 27,733 (64.5) | 27,687 (64.4) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Sulfonylurea use | ||||||
| Any‡ | 15,282 (35.5) | 15,328 (35.6) | 1.00 (0.97–1.02) | 0.736 | 1.06 (1.03–1.10) | 0.001 |
| Current§ | 6,364 (14.8) | 6,964 (16.2) | 0.91 (0.88–0.95) | <0.001 | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) | 0.220 |
| Recent‖ | 3,132 (7.3) | 3,648 (8.5) | 0.86 (0.81–0.90) | <0.001 | 0.97 (0.91–1.03) | 0.288 |
| Past¶ | 5,786 (13.5) | 4,716 (11.0) | 1.22 (1.17–1.28) | <0.001 | 1.18 (1.12–1.24) | <0.001 |
| No Meglitinide use† | 39,329 (91.4) | 40,330 (93.8) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Meglitinide use | ||||||
| Any‡ | 3,686 (8.6) | 2,685 (6.2) | 1.42 (1.35–1.50) | <0.001 | 1.32 (1.25–1.40) | <0.001 |
| Current§ | 1,357 (3.2) | 1,016 (2.4) | 1.38 (1.27–1.50) | <0.001 | 1.29 (1.17–1.41) | <0.001 |
| Recent‖ | 721 (1.7) | 565 (1.3) | 1.32 (1.18–1.47) | <0.001 | 1.28 (1.13–1.44) | <0.001 |
| Past¶ | 1,608 (3.7) | 1,104 (2.6) | 1.51 (1.40–1.63) | <0.001 | 1.32 (1.22–1.44) | <0.001 |
| No Thiazolidinedione use† | 40,025 (93.0) | 39,901 (92.8) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Thiazolidinedione use | ||||||
| Any‡ | 2,990 (7.0) | 3,114 (7.2) | 0.96 (0.91–1.01) | 0.093 | 0.95 (0.89–1.01) | 0.085 |
| Current§ | 745 (1.7) | 913 (2.1) | 0.81 (0.74–0.90) | <0.001 | 0.87 (0.78–0.96) | 0.009 |
| Recent‖ | 534 (1.2) | 731 (1.7) | 0.73 (0.65–0.81) | <0.001 | 0.83 (0.73–0.94) | 0.003 |
| Past¶ | 1,711 (4.0) | 1,470 (3.4) | 1.16 (1.08–1.24) | <0.001 | 1.07 (0.98–1.16) | 0.114 |
*Adjusted for oral antidiabetic drugs, insulin use, and all confounders in Table 1. Each level of Charlson Comorbidity Index and adapted Diabetes Complications Severity Index was calculated as a separate indicator variable.
†During the year prior to the index date.
‡Use of 1 prescription at any time prior to the index date.
§A prescription termination date (date of dispensation plus the day supply) overlapping with the index date.
‖A prescription termination date of 1 to 30 days before the index date.
¶A prescription termination date of 31 to 365 days before the index date.