Table 3. Crude and Adjusted Rate Ratios for the Risk of Hospitalization for Sepsis with Metformin-Based Combination Therapy.
| No. (%) |
Rate Ratio (95% CI) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current exposure | Cases (n = 43,015) | Control (n = 43,015) | Crude | P Value | Adjusted* | P Value |
| Metformin Alone | 3,135 (7.3) | 4,467 (10.4) | 0.64 (0.61–0.67) | <0.001 | 0.65 (0.62–0.68) | <0.001 |
| Metformin+ Sulfonylurea | 4,929 (11.5) | 6,265 (14.6) | 0.72 (0.69–0.75) | <0.001 | 0.72 (0.69–0.75) | <0.001 |
| Metformin+ Thiazolidinedione | 132 (0.3) | 241 (0.6) | 0.50 (0.41–0.62) | <0.001 | 0.51 (0.41–0.64) | <0.001 |
| Metformin+ DPP-4 inhibitors | 215 (0.5) | 300 (0.7) | 0.65 (0.55–0.78) | <0.001 | 0.65 (0.55–0.78) | <0.001 |
| Metformin+ Meglitinides | 341 (0.8) | 380 (0.9) | 0.82 (0.71–0.96) | 0.010 | 0.82 (0.71–0.96) | 0.012 |
*Adjusted for all confounders in Table 1. Each level of Charlson Comorbidity Index and adapted Diabetes Complications Severity Index was calculated as a separate indicator variable.