Table 1.

Items Most Sensitive to PaQ Use From BIT, ITAS, and PAID (Selection Criterion Cohen’s d ≥ 0.3.

Item	Cohen’s d
Specifically related to PaQ
Managing insulin injections takes a lot of time and energy. (ITAS)	0.48
I can’t organize my day as carefully as insulin treatment requires. (BIT)	0.46
I am afraid of the pain when injecting insulin. (BIT)	0.34
Feelings of deprivation regarding food and meals?	0.31
General items about insulin treatment
Worrying about the future and the possibility of serious complications? (PAID)	0.40
Insulin can reliably prevent long-term complications due to diabetes. (BIT)	0.36
Taking insulin helps to prevent complications of diabetes. (ITAS)	0.36
An insulin overdose can lead to extremely low blood glucose levels (hypoglycemia). I have concerns about possible permanent damage to my health. (BIT)	0.33
Feeling overwhelmed by your diabetes? (PAID)	0.30
Feeling that diabetes is taking up too much of your mental and physical energy every day? (PAID)	−0.30