Table 4.

Associations between low births weight (LBW) and Environmental factors among mothers in Bale Zone, South east Ethiopia, August, 2013

Factors	LBW		NBW		Crude OR (95 %CI)	p-value	Adjusted OR (95 % CI)	P-Value
	No	%	No	%
Hand washing
Water with Soap	77	59.7	211	81.8	1		1
Water only	41	31.8	41	15.9	2.7 [1.65, 4.54]	<0.001	2.2 [1.30, 3.90]	0.004
Water with ash	11	8.5	6	2.3	5.0 [1.80,14.05]	0.002	3.3 [1.05,10.30]	0.041
Daily water consumption (L)
≥ 50	37	28.7	112	43.4	1		1
< 50	92	71.3	146	56.6	1.9 [1.21,3.00]	0.005	1.6 [0.99,2.76]	0.055
Source of drinking water
Protected	118	91.5	233	90.3	1
Unprotected	11	8.5	25	9.7	0.9 [0.41,1.83]	0.711
Accessibility of water source
Accessible	98	93.3	202	92.2	1
Not accessible	7	6.7	17	7.8	0.8 [0.34,2.11]	0.725
Solid waste disposal site
Private pit	51	39.5	119	46.0	1
Communal pit	33	25.6	84	32.6	0.9 [0.55,1.54]	0.743
Used as fertilizer	9	7.0	16	6.2	1.3 [0.54,3.17]	0.545
Burning	7	5.4	19	7.4	0.9 [0.34,2.17]	0.749
Open dump	29	22.5	20	7.8	3.4 [1.75,6.53]	<0.001
Separated kitchen room
Yes	97	75.2	234	90.7	1		1
No	32	24.8	24	9.3	3.2 [1.80,5.74]	<0.001	2.6 [1.36,4.85]	0.004
Sources of energy for cooking
Electricity	5	3.9	41	15.9	1		1
Fire Wood	82	63.6	190	73.6	3.5 [1.35,9.28]	0.010	2.7 [1.00,7.17]	0.049
Kerosene	13	10.1	11	4.3	9.7 [2.84, 33.07]	<0.001	8.9 [2.54,31.11]	<0.001
Animal dung	23	17.8	9	3.5	21.0 [6.27,70.03]	<0.001	14.4 [4.08,50.97]	<0.001
Others	6	4.7	7	2.7	7.0 [1.68, 29.43]	0.008	6.1 [1.40,26.27]	0.016
Availability of latrine
Yes	112	86.8	246	95.3	1
No	17	13.2	12	4.7	3.1 [1.44,6.73]	0.004