TABLE 2.
Prevalence of selected characteristics among adults aged ≥18 years with uncontrolled hypertension,* by stage of hypertension† — National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, United States, 2003–2010
| All uncontrolled hypertension | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Mexican-American (n = 660) | White, non-Hispanic (n = 1,971) | Black, non-Hispanic (n = 1,018) | |||||||||||
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| Characteristic | Sample size | % | (95% CI) | No. in population (in millions) | Sample size | % | (95% CI) | No. in population (in millions) | Sample size | % | (95% CI) | No. in population (in millions) | p-value§ |
| Sex | |||||||||||||
| Male | 321 | 53.9 | (49.7–58.2) | 1.0 | 1,009 | 49.9 | (47.9–51.8) | 11.7 | 523 | 48.0 | (44.9–51.2) | 2.4 | 0.139 |
| Female | 339 | 46.1 | (41.8–50.3) | 0.9 | 962 | 50.1 | (48.2–52.1) | 11.7 | 495 | 52.0 | (48.8–55.1) | 2.6 | |
| Age group (yrs) | |||||||||||||
| 18–44 | 97 | 31.8 | (27.1–36.5) | 0.6 | 218 | 14.9 | (12.5–17.3) | 3.5 | 197 | 25.4 | (22.3–28.4) | 1.3 | <0.001 |
| 45–64 | 271 | 39.6 | (34.8–44.5) | 0.8 | 587 | 42.0 | (39.4–44.7) | 9.8 | 477 | 50.4 | (47.6–53.1) | 2.5 | |
| ≥65 | 292 | 28.6 | (24.8–32.3) | 0.6 | 1,166 | 43.0 | (40.3–45.8) | 10.1 | 344 | 24.3 | (21.0–27.5) | 1.2 | |
| Hypertension awareness ¶ | |||||||||||||
| Aware | 366 | 51.4 | (46.8–56.0) | 1.0 | 1,201 | 59.4 | (56.7–62.0) | 13.9 | 700 | 66.3 | (62.6–70.1) | 3.3 | <0.001 |
| Unaware | 294 | 48.6 | (44.0–53.2) | 0.9 | 770 | 40.6 | (38.0–43.3) | 9.5 | 318 | 33.7 | (29.9–37.4) | 1.7 | |
| Hypertension treatment ** | |||||||||||||
| Treated | 274 | 35.9 | (30.1–41.7) | 0.7 | 936 | 44.0 | (41.3–46.7) | 10.3 | 549 | 50.7 | (46.6–54.8) | 2.5 | 0.001 |
| Untreated | 386 | 64.1 | (58.3–69.9) | 1.2 | 1,035 | 56.0 | (53.3–58.7) | 13.1 | 469 | 49.3 | (45.2–53.4) | 2.4 | |
| Health-care coverage †† | |||||||||||||
| Yes | 441 | 59.3 | (55.1–63.5) | 1.2 | 1,783 | 89.4 | (87.6–91.1) | 20.9 | 825 | 77.7 | (74.7–80.7) | 3.8 | <0.001 |
| No | 219 | 40.7 | (36.5–44.9) | 0.8 | 188 | 10.6 | (8.9–12.4) | 2.5 | 193 | 22.3 | (19.3–25.3) | 1.1 | |
| Routine place for health care §§ | |||||||||||||
| Yes | 524 | 73.5 | (69.1–77.9) | 1.4 | 1,824 | 91.4 | (89.7–93.2) | 21.4 | 946 | 91.9 | (89.7–94.1) | 4.5 | <0.001 |
| No | 136 | 26.5 | (22.1–30.9) | 0.5 | 147 | 8.6 | (6.8–10.3) | 2.0 | 72 | 8.1 | (5.9–10.3) | 0.4 | |
| No. of times received health care in past year ¶¶ | |||||||||||||
| 0 | 136 | 25.5 | (21.6–29.4) | 0.5 | 175 | 10.0 | (7.9–12.0) | 2.3 | 125 | 14.2 | (11.7–16.7) | 0.7 | <0.001 |
| 1 | 109 | 18.6 | (14.5–22.7) | 0.4 | 253 | 15.8 | (14.1–17.6) | 3.7 | 135 | 13.7 | (11.1–16.3) | 0.7 | |
| ≥2 | 415 | 55.9 | (51.0–60.8) | 1.1 | 1,542 | 74.2 | (71.9–76.5) | 17.4 | 757 | 72.1 | (69.0–75.2) | 3.6 | |
| Stage 1 hypertension | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Mexican-American (n = 435) | White, non-Hispanic (n = 1,429) | Black, non-Hispanic (n = 699) | |||||||||||
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| Characteristic | Sample size | % | (95% CI) | No. in population (in millions) | Sample size | % | (95% CI) | No. in population (in millions) | Sample size | % | (95% CI) | No. in population (in millions) | p-value§ |
| Sex | |||||||||||||
| Male | 227 | 57.1 | (50.7–63.4) | 0.8 | 779 | 52.9 | (50.5–55.3) | 9.4 | 381 | 50.4 | (46.5–54.2) | 1.7 | 0.212 |
| Female | 208 | 42.9 | (36.6–49.3) | 0.6 | 650 | 47.1 | (44.7–49.5) | 8.4 | 318 | 49.6 | (45.8–53.5) | 1.7 | |
| Age group (yrs) | |||||||||||||
| 18–44 | 81 | 37.4 | (31.3–43.5) | 0.5 | 190 | 17.3 | (14.5–20.2) | 3.1 | 157 | 28.3 | (24.5–32.2) | 1.0 | <0.001 |
| 45–64 | 184 | 38.7 | (32.8–44.6) | 0.5 | 478 | 45.0 | (41.9–48.0) | 8.0 | 333 | 50.8 | (47.0–54.5) | 1.7 | |
| ≥65 | 170 | 23.9 | (19.7–28.1) | 0.3 | 761 | 37.7 | (35.0–40.4) | 6.7 | 209 | 20.9 | (16.8–25.0) | 0.7 | |
| Hypertension awareness ¶ | |||||||||||||
| Aware | 212 | 45.2 | (40.5–50.0) | 0.6 | 839 | 57.4 | (54.3–60.5) | 10.2 | 450 | 61.3 | (57.4–65.2) | 2.1 | <0.001 |
| Unaware | 223 | 54.8 | (50.0–59.5) | 0.7 | 590 | 42.6 | (39.5–45.7) | 7.6 | 249 | 38.7 | (34.8–42.6) | 1.3 | |
| Hypertension treatment ** | |||||||||||||
| Treated | 153 | 30.0 | (24.6–35.4) | 0.4 | 644 | 42.1 | (39.1–45.2) | 7.5 | 358 | 47.4 | (43.5–51.4) | 1.6 | <0.001 |
| Untreated | 282 | 70.0 | (64.6–75.4) | 1.0 | 785 | 57.9 | (54.8–60.9) | 10.3 | 341 | 52.6 | (48.6–56.5) | 1.8 | |
| Health-care coverage †† | |||||||||||||
| Yes | 287 | 58.4 | (53.5–63.4) | 0.8 | 1,279 | 88.9 | (86.9–90.8) | 15.8 | 576 | 79.4 | (76.1–82.6) | 2.7 | <0.001 |
| No | 148 | 41.6 | (36.6–46.5) | 0.6 | 150 | 11.1 | (9.2–13.1) | 2.0 | 123 | 20.6 | (17.4–23.9) | 0.7 | |
| Routine place for health care §§ | |||||||||||||
| Yes | 342 | 72.7 | (66.9–78.5) | 1.0 | 1,314 | 91.0 | (88.9–93.0) | 16.2 | 650 | 92.1 | (89.7–94.4) | 3.1 | <0.001 |
| No | 93 | 27.3 | (21.5–33.1) | 0.4 | 115 | 9.0 | (7.0–11.1) | 1.6 | 49 | 7.9 | (5.6–10.3) | 0.3 | |
| No. of times received health care in past year ¶¶ | |||||||||||||
| 0 | 95 | 26.9 | (22.3–31.4) | 0.4 | 128 | 10.0 | (7.8–12.1) | 1.8 | 80 | 13.7 | (11.0–16.4) | 0.5 | <0.001 |
| 1 | 75 | 18.9 | (14.2–23.6) | 0.3 | 194 | 16.4 | (14.3–18.4) | 2.9 | 96 | 14.3 | (11.3–17.3) | 0.5 | |
| ≥2 | 265 | 54.2 | (48.2–60.2) | 0.7 | 1,106 | 73.6 | (71.1–76.2) | 13.1 | 522 | 72.0 | (68.7–75.3) | 2.5 | |
| Stage 2 hypertension | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Mexican-American (n = 225) | White, non-Hispanic (n = 542) | Black, non-Hispanic (n = 319) | |||||||||||
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| Characteristic | Sample size | % | (95% CI) | No. in population (in millions) | Sample size | % | (95% CI) | No. in population (in millions) | Sample size | % | (95% CI) | No. in population (in millions) | p-value§ |
| Sex | |||||||||||||
| Male | 94 | 46.6 | (39.9–53.2) | 0.3 | 230 | 40.1 | (36.3–44.0) | 2.2 | 142 | 42.8 | (37.0–48.5) | 0.7 | 0.310 |
| Female | 131 | 53.4 | (46.8–60.1) | 0.3 | 312 | 59.9 | (56.0–63.7) | 3.3 | 177 | 57.2 | (51.5–63.0) | 0.9 | |
| Age group (yrs) | |||||||||||||
| 18–44 | 16 | 18.7 | (11.4–26.1) | 0.1 | 28 | 7.1 | (4.0–10.3) | 0.4 | 40 | 18.7 | (13.4–24.1) | 0.3 | <0.001 |
| 45–64 | 87 | 41.8 | (34.6–49.0) | 0.2 | 109 | 32.7 | (28.4–37.0) | 1.8 | 144 | 49.5 | (44.1–54.9) | 0.8 | |
| ≥65 | 122 | 39.5 | (32.2–46.8) | 0.2 | 405 | 60.2 | (55.5–64.8) | 3.4 | 135 | 31.8 | (26.9–36.6) | 0.5 | |
| Hypertension awareness ¶ | |||||||||||||
| Aware | 154 | 66.0 | (55.7–76.2) | 0.4 | 362 | 65.7 | (61.6–69.7) | 3.7 | 250 | 77.6 | (71.8–83.4) | 1.2 | 0.010 |
| Unaware | 71 | 34.0 | (23.8–44.3) | 0.2 | 180 | 34.3 | (30.3–38.4) | 1.9 | 69 | 22.4 | (16.6–28.2) | 0.3 | |
| Hypertension treatment ** | |||||||||||||
| Treated | 121 | 49.9 | (39.6–60.3) | 0.3 | 292 | 49.9 | (44.9–54.9) | 2.8 | 191 | 58.0 | (51.0–65.0) | 0.9 | 0.163 |
| Untreated | 104 | 50.1 | (39.7–60.4) | 0.3 | 250 | 50.1 | (45.1–55.1) | 2.8 | 128 | 42.0 | (35.0–49.0) | 0.6 | |
| Health-care coverage †† | |||||||||||||
| Yes | 154 | 61.3 | (54.2–68.4) | 0.4 | 504 | 90.9 | (87.5–94.3) | 5.1 | 249 | 74.1 | (68.5–79.7) | 1.1 | <0.001 |
| No | 71 | 38.7 | (31.6–45.8) | 0.2 | 38 | 9.1 | (5.7–12.5) | 0.5 | 70 | 25.9 | (20.3–31.5) | 0.4 | |
| Routine place for health care §§ | |||||||||||||
| Yes | 182 | 75.4 | (68.3–82.5) | 0.4 | 510 | 92.8 | (90.3–95.2) | 5.2 | 296 | 91.6 | (87.2–96.0) | 1.4 | <0.001 |
| No | 43 | 24.6 | (17.5–31.7) | 0.1 | 32 | 7.2 | (4.8–9.7) | 0.4 | 23 | 8.4 | (4.0–12.8) | 0.1 | |
| No. of times received health care in past year ¶¶ | |||||||||||||
| 0 | 41 | 22.3 | (16.7–27.9) | 0.1 | 47 | 10.0 | (7.0–13.0) | 0.6 | 45 | 15.3 | (11.2–19.4) | 0.2 | 0.005 |
| 1 | 34 | 17.9 | (10.8–24.9) | 0.1 | 59 | 14.0 | (9.6–18.3) | 0.8 | 39 | 12.5 | (8.8–16.1) | 0.2 | |
| ≥2 | 150 | 59.8 | (53.9–65.8) | 0.3 | 436 | 76.0 | (71.1–80.9) | 4.2 | 235 | 72.3 | (66.7–77.9) | 1.1 | |
Abbreviation: CI = confidence interval.
Defined as an average systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg.
Stages of hypertension were stage 1 hypertension (SBP 140-159 or DBP 90-99) and stage 2 hypertension (SBP ≥160 or DBP ≥100).
Pearson chi-squared statistic, corrected for survey design.
Based on responses to the following questions, “Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health-care professional that you had hypertension, also called high blood pressure?” and “Were you told on two or more different visits that you had hypertension or high blood pressure?”
Based on whether the participant answered “yes” to both of the following questions: “Because of your high blood pressure, have you ever been told to take prescribed medicine?” and “Are you now taking prescribed medicine for high blood pressure?”
Participants were asked, “Are you covered by health insurance or some other health-care plan?”
Based on response to the question, “Is there a place that you usually go when sick or need advice about health?”
Based on response to the question, “During the past 12 months, how many times have you seen a doctor or other health-care professional about your health, not including being hospitalized overnight?”