Table 1.

The estimated kinetic constants based on the modified Gompertz equation for hydrogen production with C. pasteurianum CH4 through batch fermentation using non-VMD-integrated and VMD-integrated processes with and without butyrate addition

	λ (h)	H max (L L−1)	R max (L L−1 h−1)	R 2	Hydrogen yield (mol H2/mol glycerol)
Non-VMD-integrated fermentation
Without butyrate addition	25.0	8.53	0.30	0.985	0.45 ± 0.03
With butyrate addition	23.0	5.18	0.25	0.993	0.41 ± 0.04
VMD-integrated fermentation
Without butyrate addition	55.0	19.55	0.39	0.999	0.78 ± 0.11
With butyrate addition	28.5	18.74	0.31	0.996	0.75 ± 0.06

λ lag time of H₂ production (the time required for the onset of H₂ production), H _max maximum H₂ production estimated from the modified Gompertz equation, R _max maximum H₂ production rate estimated from the modified Gompertz equation