Table 2.

Butanol production with C. pasteurianum CH4 through batch fermentation using non-VMD-integrated and VMD-integrated processes with and without butyrate addition

Fermentation conditions		Butanol concentration (g L−1)	Glycerol conversion (%)	Average butanol production rate (g L−1 h−1)	Butanol yield (mol butanol/mol glycerol)
Non-VMD-integrated fermentation	Without butyrate addition	12.6 ± 0.8	63.4 ± 2.1	0.12 ± 0.02	0.24 ± 0.01
	With butyrate addition	12.1 ± 0.6	46.4 ± 0.5	0.14 ± 0.01	0.34 ± 0.04
VMD-integrated fermentation	Without butyrate addition	17.1 ± 0.3	96.5 ± 1.8	0.16 ± 0.02	0.23 ± 0.02
	With butyrate addition	29.8 ± 1.2	96.8 ± 0.9	0.29 ± 0.05	0.39 ± 0.01