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. 2015 Oct 10;43(18):8856–8867. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkv864

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© The Author(s) 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 1. — Ru-phen-dppz motifs elongate DNA. (A) The large aromatic dipyridophenazine ring of Ru(phen)₂dppz²⁺ (referred to as Rudppz in the text) intercalates into dsDNA. (B) Two Rudppz connected by a flexible linker (the complex referred to as flex-Ru2). (C) Cycles of force extension and release for DNA (black lines) and DNA in the presence of 5 nM of flex-Ru2 (green lines). To elucidate the kinetics of flex-Ru2, the force was fixed at 50 pN, 30 pN and 20 pN (20 pN is shown here in the gray box), while the increasing extension was recorded. (D) Flex-Ru2 intercalation kinetics for increasing ligand concentrations of 1, 3, 5 and 7 nM (purple, blue, green and red) when held at a force of 20 pN. Fits (black) are to the model of Equation (3), and these results are included in Figures 3 and 4.