Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2015 Mar 1;3(1):22–33. doi: 10.1089/big.2014.0066

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© Shyam Ranganathan et al. 2015; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

This Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited.

PMC Copyright notice

FIG. 5. — The phase portrait of L and E. The arrows show the direction of yearly change in the (L,E) vector and the color shows the magnitude of change (assuming Dt=1). The black curve corresponds to the solutions of Lt+1=Lt (assuming noise is zero), while the straight vertical line corresponds to Et+1=Et. The steady state at (L,E)=(0.585, 0.473) is a saddle node. The scatterplot points show data for all countries in the dataset in the year 2006. The four sample countries, Egypt, India, Jordan, and Ukraine, are highlighted. Additionally, South Africa, which appears to be an outlier, is highlighted.