Table 3.
Risk ratios of child with ASD by year of intimate partner abuse with respect to birth year, Nurses’ Health Study II, 1963–2002, United States (N=54319 controls, N=451 cases)
| % (N) | Risk ratio (95% confidence interval) |
|
|---|---|---|
| IPV in the year before the birth year | 89.8 (49179) | 1.0 [Reference] |
| No | 10.2 (5591) | 1.92 (1.28, 2.88)** |
| Yes | ||
| IPV in the birth year | 88.1 (48275) | 1.0 [Reference] |
| No | 11.9 (6495) | 0.68 (0.44, 1.03) |
| Yes | ||
| Child’s sex | 48.3 (26426) | 1.0 [Reference] |
| Female | 51.8 (28344) | 4.60 (3.60, 0.59)*** |
| Male | 1.09 (1.07, 1.12)*** | |
| Child’s birth year | ||
| Mother’s age at child’s birth | 24.0 (13139) | 1.0 [Reference] |
| Less than 25 years | 37.6 (20597) | 1.56 (1.04, 2.34)* |
| 25–29 years | 26.7 (14622) | 1.72 (1.10, 2.88)* |
| 30–34 years | 10.1 (5542) | 1.72 (1.03, 2.88)* |
| 35–39 years | 1.6 (870) | 1.94 (1.01, 3.71)* |
| 40 years or older | ||
| Maximum of parent’s education in mother’s childhood | ||
| Less than 9 years | 6.1 (3345) | 1.0 [Reference] |
| 1–3 years high school | 10.1 (5548) | 0.81 (0.47, 1.39) |
| 4 years high school | 44.1 (24124) | 1.26 (0.82, 1.95) |
| 1–3 years college | 20.1 (11023) | 1.26 (0.80, 1.98) |
| 4 or more years college | 8.3 (4523) | 1.05 (0.63, 1.75) |
| Don’t know/missing | 11.3 (6207) | 0.10 (0.04, 0.25)*** |
| Mother’s experience of childhood abuse | ||
| 0: None | 26.3 (14426) | 1.0 [Reference] |
| 1 | 21.8 (11916) | 1.10 (0.83, 1.46) |
| 2 | 18.9 (10370) | 1.18 (0.88, 1.57) |
| 3 | 19.1 (10466) | 1.46 (1.11, 1.92)** |
| 4 | 8.5 (4634) | 1.47 (1.03, 2.10)* |
| 5 | 3.3 (1797) | 1.61 (0.95, 2.72) |
| 6: Severe | 2.1 (1161) | 3.34 (2.08, 5.37)*** |
χ2 test significant at
*
P<0.05,
**
P<0.01,
***
P<0.001