Table 1.
Baseline characteristic of patients with and without Goreisan in unmatched and propensity-matched groups.
| Unmatched groups (n = 36,020) | Propensity-matched groups (n = 7,758) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goreisan users (n = 3,889) |
Goreisan nonusers (n = 32,131) |
Standardized difference | Goreisan users (n = 3,879) |
Goreisan nonusers (n = 3,879) |
Standardized difference | |
| Type of hospital, n (%) | ||||||
| Nonacademic | 2,997 (77.1) | 27,644 (86.0) | 19.6 | 2,997 (77.3) | 3,016 (77.8) | 1.0 |
| Academic | 892 (22.9) | 4,487 (14.0) | −19.6 | 882 (22.7) | 863 (22.2) | −1.0 |
| Hospital volume (per year), n (%) | ||||||
| ≤22 | 1,133 (29.1) | 9,836 (30.6) | 2.6 | 1,131 (29.2) | 1,098 (28.3) | −1.5 |
| 23–36 | 1,283 (33.0) | 10,848 (33.8) | 1.3 | 1,275 (32.9) | 1,340 (34.5) | 2.9 |
| ≥37 | 1,473 (37.9) | 11,447 (35.6) | −3.8 | 1,473 (38.0) | 1,441 (37.1) | −1.4 |
| Fiscal year, n (%) | ||||||
| 2010 | 568 (14.6) | 7,748 (24.1) | 19.2 | 568 (14.6) | 564 (14.5) | −0.2 |
| 2011 | 1,278 (32.9) | 12,066 (37.6) | 8.0 | 1,278 (32.9) | 1,305 (33.6) | 1.2 |
| 2012 | 2,043 (52.5) | 12,317 (38.3) | −23.6 | 2,033 (52.4) | 2,010 (51.8) | −1.0 |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 76.5 (10.7) | 76.4 (11.1) | −1.4 | 76.2 (10.7) | 76.2 (10.7) | 0.0 |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||||
| Male | 2,644 (68.0) | 21,577 (67.2) | −1.5 | 2,636 (68.0) | 2,618 (67.5) | −0.8 |
| Female | 1,245 (32.0) | 10,554 (32.8) | 1.5 | 1,243 (32.0) | 1,261 (32.5) | 0.8 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), n (%) | ||||||
| <18.5 | 487 (12.5) | 4,164 (13.0) | 1.1 | 486 (12.5) | 452 (11.7) | −2.2 |
| 18.5–22.9 | 1,712 (44.0) | 14,065 (43.8) | −0.4 | 1,709 (44.1) | 1,746 (45.0) | 1.6 |
| 23.0–24.9 | 681 (17.5) | 5,356 (16.7) | −1.8 | 681 (17.6) | 723 (18.6) | 2.3 |
| 25.0–29.9 | 556 (14.3) | 4,079 (12.7) | −3.9 | 550 (14.2) | 536 (13.8) | −0.9 |
| ≥30.0 | 57 (1.5) | 459 (1.4) | −0.3 | 57 (1.5) | 46 (1.2) | −2.1 |
| Missing | 396 (10.2) | 4,090 (12.7) | 6.4 | 396 (10.2) | 376 (9.7) | −1.4 |
| Barthel Index at admission, n (%) | ||||||
| 0 | 794 (20.4) | 7,676 (23.9) | 6.8 | 794 (20.5) | 809 (20.9) | 0.8 |
| 5–45 | 671 (17.3) | 5,679 (17.7) | 0.9 | 670 (17.3) | 609 (15.7) | −3.5 |
| 50–95 | 808 (20.8) | 6,016 (18.7) | −4.2 | 804 (20.7) | 746 (19.2) | −3.1 |
| 100 | 894 (23.0) | 6,740 (21.0) | −4.0 | 889 (22.9) | 991 (25.5) | 5.0 |
| Missing | 722 (18.6) | 6,020 (18.7) | 0.4 | 722 (18.6) | 724 (18.7) | 0.1 |
| Japan Coma Scale at admission, n (%) | ||||||
| 0 (alert) | 1,809 (46.5) | 14,112 (43.9) | −4.3 | 1,799 (46.4) | 1,898 (48.9) | 4.2 |
| 1 digit (drowsy) | 1,844 (47.4) | 15,124 (47.1) | −0.6 | 1,844 (47.5) | 1,747 (45.0) | −4.1 |
| 2 digits (somnolence) | 190 (4.9) | 1,965 (6.1) | 4.3 | 190 (4.9) | 185 (4.8) | −0.5 |
| 3 digits (coma) | 46 (1.2) | 930 (2.9) | 9.3 | 46 (1.2) | 49 (1.3) | 0.6 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
| Malignancy | 137 (3.5) | 1,359 (4.2) | 2.9 | 137 (3.5) | 125 (3.2) | −1.4 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 184 (4.7) | 1,562 (4.9) | 0.5 | 184 (4.7) | 163 (4.2) | −2.2 |
| Chronic heart failure | 113 (2.9) | 1,057 (3.3) | 1.8 | 113 (2.9) | 96 (2.5) | −2.2 |
| Chronic renal failure | 53 (1.4) | 836 (2.6) | 6.9 | 53 (1.4) | 47 (1.2) | −1.1 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 22 (0.6) | 163 (0.5) | −0.7 | 22 (0.6) | 24 (0.6) | 0.5 |
| Pneumonia | 27 (0.7) | 289 (0.9) | 1.8 | 27 (0.7) | 20 (0.5) | −1.9 |
| Urinary tract infection | 9 (0.2) | 104 (0.3) | 1.4 | 9 (0.2) | 12 (0.3) | 1.2 |
| Sepsis | 2 (0.1) | 35 (0.1) | 1.6 | 2 (0.1) | 3 (0.1) | 0.8 |
| Antithrombotic agent use, n (%) | 317 (8.2) | 2,639 (8.2) | 0.2 | 314 (8.1) | 278 (7.2) | −2.9 |
| Mannitol infusion, n (%) | 104 (2.7) | 1,033 (3.2) | 2.6 | 104 (2.7) | 84 (2.2) | −2.8 |
| Steroid infusion, n (%) | 15 (0.4) | 243 (0.8) | 3.8 | 15 (0.4) | 15 (0.4) | 0.0 |