Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Plant Sci. 2015 Oct;20(10):622–640. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.07.004

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The art of chloroplast genome engineering. (A) Schematic representation of the chloroplast vector. This includes at least two chloroplast DNA fragments as flanking sequences to facilitate double homologous recombination, a selectable marker gene and regulatory elements. (B) Examples of components commonly used in chloroplast vectors. Abbreviations: 3′ UTR to enhance transcript stability; 5′ UTR to enhance ribosome binding; cp: chloroplast; GOI: genes of interest for various biotechnology applications; P: promoters; SMG: selective marker genes.