Table 2.

Association between smoking status (current, former and secondhand smoke (SHS)) and depressive symptoms

Smoking status	Depression
	No	Yes	ORa (95 % CI)
	N (Weighted %)	N (Weighted %)
Men
Smoking status
Current
No exposure to SHS	3,859 (26.6)	470 (29.8)	1.15 (0.86–1.55)
SHS at home only	526 (3.7)	85 (6.5)	1.42 (0.92–2.18)
SHS at workplace only	3,120 (26.2)	339 (25.4)	1.13 (0.83–1.54)
SHS at both home and workplace	525 (5.0)	75 (6.0)	1.03 (0.69–1.55)
Former
No exposure to SHS	1,752 (10.0)	156 (8.7)	1.01 (0.72–1.41)
SHS at home only	68 (0.5)	14 (0.7)	1.27 (0.56–2.88)
SHS at workplace only	907 (7.3)	84 (6.5)	1.17 (0.79–1.71)
SHS at both home and workplace	51 (0.5)	3 (0.3)	0.59 (0.16–2.16)
Never
No exposure to SHS	1,409 (10.6)	123 (8.1)	1.00 (ref)
SHS at home only	102 (1.0)	10 (1.0)	1.10 (0.46–2.65)
SHS at workplace only	889 (7.6)	85 (5.7)	1.12 (0.76–1.64)
SHS at both home and workplace	96 (1.0)	11 (1.3)	2.05 (0.83–5.10)
Women
Smoking status
Current
No exposure to SHS	630 (4.2)	217 (6.4)	1.25 (1.00–1.56)
SHS at home only	283 (2.0)	131 (4.4)	1.43 (1.04–1.96)
SHS at workplace only	214 (1.7)	68 (2.4)	1.26 (0.87–1.83)
SHS at both home and workplace	142 (1.1)	56 (2.2)	1.57 (0.96–2.55)
Former
No exposure to SHS	283 (2.0)	70 (2.3)	1.04 (0.72–1.51)
SHS at home only	50 (0.4)	17 (0.9)	2.32 (1.04–5.16)
SHS at workplace only	71 (0.6)	22 (1.0)	1.60 (0.82–3.13)
SHS at both home and workplace	22 (0.2)	6 (0.3)	1.73 (0.53–5.62)
Never
No exposure to SHS	9,932 (56.4)	1,985 (48.8)	1.00 (ref)
SHS at home only	1,782 (12.0)	459 (14.4)	1.25 (1.08–1.43)
SHS at workplace only	1,993 (13.3)	373 (11.0)	0.99 (0.84–1.17)
SHS at both home and workplace	805 (6.0)	191 (5.9)	1.12 (0.99–1.40)

^aAdjusted for age, marital status, education, employment status, self-reported stress, self-rated health, alcohol dependence (AUDIT) and past diagnosis of depression by physicians