. 2015 Oct 6;39(5):446–451. doi: 10.1111/1753-6405.12445

Table 2.

Infectious agents defined by IARC as group 1 carcinogens: prevalence in Australia and relative risk of cancer

Infectious Agent	Prevalence of infection in Australian population (%)	Cancer (ICD-10 code)	Relative risk
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)	1.0 (chronic infection)¹⁵	Liver (C22)	20.4 (95%CI 11.3–36.5)¹⁶

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)	1.0 (chronic infection)¹⁵	Liver (C22) Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (C82-C85, C96)	23.8 (95%CI 16.9–33.6)¹⁶ 1.78 (95%CI 1.40–2.25)¹⁷

Human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1)	0.2 men¹⁵ 0.02 women¹⁵	Kaposi's Sarcoma (C46) Conjunctiva (C69.0) Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (C82-C85, C96),	Not applicable ∼10 IARC¹^,²⁸ 6.5 (95%CI 5.4–7.7)¹⁹

Helicobacter pylori	15.4²³	Stomach (C16) [non-cardia] MALT gastric lymphoma	5.9 (95%CI 3.4–10.3)²⁵ 6.3 (95%CI 2.0–19.9)²⁶