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. 2015 Oct 15;6:43. doi: 10.1186/s40104-015-0043-y

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© Verma et al. 2015

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Outline showing procedures for Handmade cloning (HMC) (Reprinted from Nagai et al. [33]). Figure shows (1) the preparation of cytoplast by removal of cumulus layer of in-vitro matured oocytes (2) removal of zona pellucida from oocyte by digestion with pronase (3) hand bisection of zona-free oocytes with a blade, hence the name hand-made cloning, to obtain cytoplast (4) selecting a cytoplast under stereomicroscope (5) reconstructing embryo by fusing a donor somatic cell with cytoplast generating a demi-clone embryo which is again fused with 2nd half cytoplast (generated by same procedure as 1st cytoplast) to obtain a full sized clone embryo that is activated and implanted at blastocyst stage into recipient animal