TABLE 1.
Population proportions of sodium consumed by selected food categories and age groups in US infants and toddlers aged 0–23.9 mo: WWEIA, NHANES, United States, 2003–20101
| Age, mo | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–5.9 | 6–11.9 | 12–23.9 | ||||
| Food category2 | Values3 | Food category2 | Values3 | Food category2 | Values3 | |
| Rank | ||||||
| 1 | Formula | 71.7 ± 2.3 | Formula | 26.7 ± 1.8 | Milk | 12.2 ± 0.4 |
| 2 | Human milk | 22.9 ± 2.1 | Commercial baby foods | 8.8 ± 0.8 | Soups | 5.4 ± 0.9 |
| 3 | Commercial baby foods | 2.2 ± 0.3 | Soups | 6.1 ± 0.9 | Cheese | 5.2 ± 0.5 |
| 4 | Fluid replacement, electrolytes | 1.2 ± 0.64 | Pasta mixed dishes | 4.0 ± 0.9 | Pasta mixed dishes | 5.1 ± 0.4 |
| 5 | — | — | Human milk | 3.9 ± 0.4 | Frankfurters and sausages | 4.6 ± 0.6 |
| 6 | — | — | Milk | 3.5 ± 0.5 | Breads and rolls | 4.5 ± 0.3 |
| 7 | — | — | Frankfurters and sausages | 3.3 ± 1.84 | Eggs and omelets | 4.0 ± 0.4 |
| 8 | — | — | Macaroni and cheese | 3.0 ± 0.6 | Macaroni and cheese | 3.6 ± 0.5 |
| 9 | — | — | Breads and rolls | 2.7 ± 0.4 | Chicken patties, nuggets, tenders | 3.4 ± 0.5 |
| 10 | — | — | Crackers | 2.4 ± 0.3 | Crackers | 3.1 ± 0.2 |
| Sodium,5 mg/d | — | 191 ± 3 | — | 518 ± 28 | — | 1709 ± 37 |
| Energy,5 kcal/d | — | 634 ± 7 | — | 861 ± 13 | — | 1268 ± 22 |
| Sodium density,5 mg/1000 kcal | — | 302 ± 5 | — | 5526 18 | — | 13416 21 |
| Unweighted sample size, n | — | 778 | — | 914 | — | 1219 |
Population proportion (%) of sodium consumed was defined as the sum of the amount of sodium consumed from each specific food category for all participants in the age group divided by the sum of sodium consumed from all food categories for all participants in the age group multiplied by 100.
Formula includes formula prepared from concentrate, prepared from powder, and ready to eat. Milk includes unflavored low-fat, nonfat, reduced fat, and whole milk. Commercial baby foods include cereal, fruit and vegetables, meat and dinners, snacks and desserts, yogurt, and juice. Cheese includes natural and processed cheese. The pasta mixed dishes category does not include macaroni and cheese, which are a separate category. Breads and rolls include yeast breads, rolls, and buns. Crackers include saltines. For mean daily sodium (mg), energy (kcal), and sodium density (mg/1000 kcal) between 0–5.9 and 6–11.9 of age, between 0–5.9 and 12–23.9 mo of age, and between 6–11.9 and 12–23. 9 mo of age, P < 0.0001 (t test).
WWEIA, What We Eat in America.
All values are percentages ± SEs.
Data are statistically unreliable; relative SE ≥40%.
All values are means ± SEs.