Table 4. Pacemaker dependency rates and reported associations in selected studies.

Study (Author, year)	Pacemaker dependent, percent (n)	Significant associations with pacemaker dependency
Feldman, 1992	56% (n = 20)	None
Glikson, 1997	59% (n = 51) b	Postoperative complete AV block
Onalan, 2008	32% (n = 33)	1) History of syncope; 2) BMI ≥ 28.5; 3) Bypass time > 105 min; 4) AV block as pacemaker indication
Huynh, 2009	70% (n = 7)	None
Merin, 2009	63% (n = 37)	1) Preoperative LBBB; 2) Persistent postoperative 3rd degree AV block
Raza, 2011	40% (n = 36)	PR interval ≥200 ms on baseline EKG
Baraki, 2013	91% (n = 76)	None
Rene, 2013	45% (n = 44)	Persistent postoperative AV block

^b Excludes indeterminate from analysis

Abbreviations: AV–Atrioventricular, LBBB–Left bundle branch block