Table 4. Factors associated with suboptimal adherence to ART.
| Variable | All patients | Patients with 100% | Patients with <100% | OR (95% CI) | P | Adjusted OR | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 133) | adherence (n = 68) | adherence (n = 65) | (95% CI) | |||||
| Age (n = 133) | 47.2 (40.9–54.6) 1 | 48.1 (40.5–54.8) | 44.9 (41.2–53.8) | 0.72 | ||||
| <42 years | 34.6 (46/133) | 36.8 (25/68) | 32.3 (21/65) | 0.63 (0.27–1.46) | 0.28 | 0.44 (0.13–1.48) | 0.18 | |
| 42–52 years | 31.6 (42/133) | 26.5 (18/68) | 36.9 (24/65) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| >52 years | 33.8 (45/133) | 36.8 (25/68) | 30.8 (20/65) | 0.60 (0.26–1.40) | 0.24 | 0.95 (0.27–3.34) | 0.93 | |
| Gender (n = 133) | Female | 9.0 (12/133) | 5.9 (4/68) | 12.3 (8/65) | 2.25 (0.64–7.87) | 0.21 | 1.31 (0.18–9.43) | 0.79 |
| Male | 91.0 (121/133) | 94.1 (64/68) | 87.7 (57/65) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Education (n = 128) | Low | 25.8 (33/128) | 21.2 (14/66) | 30.6 (19/62) | 1.24 (0.51–3.06) | 0.64 | 1.82 (0.47–7.14) | 0.39 |
| Middle | 35.9 (46/128) | 33.3 (22/66) | 38.7 (24/62) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| High | 38.3 (49/128) | 45.5 (30/66) | 30.6 (19/62) | 0.58 (0.26–1.31) | 0.19 | 0.73 (0.24–2.21) | 0.58 | |
| Currently employed | Yes | 68.0 (83/122) | 65.2 (43/66) | 71.4 (40/56) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| (n = 122) | No | 32.0 (39/122) | 34.8 (23/66) | 28.6 (16/56) | 0.75 (0.35–1.62) | 0.46 | 0.69 (0.22–2.20) | 0.53 |
| Antiretroviral therapy | NNRTI | 60.2 (77/128) | 59.4 (38/64) | 60.9 (39/64) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| (n = 128) | PI | 28.9 (37/128) | 31.3 (20/64) | 26.6 (17/64) | 0.83 (0.38–1.82) | 0.64 | 0.89 (0.29–2.77) | 0.84 |
| other | 10.9 (14/128) | 9.4 (6/64) | 12.5 (8/64) | 1.30 (0.41–4.10) | 0.66 | 1.56 (0.30–8.20) | 0.60 | |
| Dosing regimen | One dose/day | 60.2 (80/133) | 70.6 (48/68) | 49.2 (32/65) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| (n = 133) | Two doses/day | 39.8 (53/133) | 29.4 (20/68) | 50.8 (33/65) | 2.48 (1.21–5.05) | 0.013 | 3.27 (1.16–9.17) | 0.025 |
| Transmission route | Heterosexual | 19.2 (23/120) | 13.3 (8/60) | 25.0 (15/60) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| (n = 120) | IV drug use | 0.8 (1/120) | 0.0 (0/60) | 1.7 (1/60) | ||||
| MSM | 80.0 (96/120) | 86.7 (52/60) | 73.3 (44/60) | 0.45 (0.18–1.16) | 0.10 | 0.87 (0.18–4.13) | 0.86 | |
| Time on | 50.6 (19.5–90.5) | 49.1 (19.0–94.9) | 54.5 (19.9–83.2) | 0.82 | ||||
| therapy (n = 129) | <30 months | 33.3 (43/129) | 32.3 (21/65) | 34.4 (22/64) | 0.87 (0.38–2.03) | 0.75 | 0.73 (0.10–5.41) | 0.75 |
| 30–72 months | 34.1 (44/129) | 30.8 (20/65) | 37.5 (24/64) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| >72 months | 32.6 (42/129) | 36.9 (24/65) | 28.1 (18/64) | 0.63 (0.27–1.46) | 0.28 | 1.94 (0.36–10.3) | 0.44 | |
| Time on therapy with | 41.6 (15.8–76.2) | 40.4 (16.3–82.0) | 41.7 (15.1–67.3) | 0.59 | ||||
| undetectable plasma | <24 months | 31.8 (41/129) | 30.8 (20/65) | 32.8 (21/64) | 0.88 (0.38–2.05) | 0.77 | 2.21 (0.32–15.2) | 0.42 |
| viral load (n = 129) | 24–65 months | 35.7 (46/129) | 32.3 (21/65) | 39.1 (25/64) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| >65 months | 32.6 (42/129) | 36.9 (24/65) | 28.1 (18/64) | 0.63 (0.27–1.46) | 0.28 | 0.18 (0.03–1.23) | 0.080 | |
| Current CD4+ T cell | 590 (380–720) | 560 (393–670) | 610 (370–730) | 0.61 | ||||
| count (n = 127) | <450 cells/mm3 | 33.9 (43/127) | 35.9 (23/64) | 31.7 (20/63) | 1.39 (0.58–3.36) | 0.46 | 0.96 (0.25–3.62) | 0.95 |
| 450–660 cells/mm3 | 30.7 (39/127) | 37.5 (24/64) | 23.8 (15/63) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| >660 cells/mm3 | 35.4 (45/127) | 26.6 (17/64) | 44.4 (28/63) | 2.64 (1.09–6.37) | 0.031 | 6.21 (1.42–27.0) | 0.015 | |
| CD4+ T cell count | 150 (60–227) | 150 (60–250) | 150 (60–210) | 0.89 | ||||
| nadir (n = 128) | <100 cells/mm3 | 32.0 (41/128) | 32.3 (21/65) | 31.7 (20/63) | 0.80 (0.34–1.86) | 0.60 | 0.88 (0.29–2.75) | 0.83 |
| 100–200 cells/mm3 | 35.9 (46/128) | 32.3 (21/65) | 39.7 (25/63) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| >200 cells/mm3 | 32.0 (41/128) | 35.4 (23/65) | 28.6 (18/63) | 0.66 (0.28–1.53) | 0.33 | 0.36 (0.10–1.27) | 0.11 | |
| Current plasma viral | >50 copies/ml | 7.1 (9/127) | 4.7 (3/64) | 9.5 (6/63) | 2.14 (0.51–8.93) | 0.30 | 1.88 (0.30–11.9) | 0.50 |
| load (n = 127) | <50 copies/ml | 92.9 (118/127) | 95.3 (61/64) | 90.5 (57/63) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
1Data are % (proportion) of patients or median value (interquartile range).