Fig. 1.—

Cooperation of EAA synthesis between whiteflies and Portiera. Portiera pseudogenes are indicated in gray and host genes with enriched transcript abundance in the bacteriocytes (RNA-Seq data) are indicated in red (genes of insect origin) or green (genes of bacterial origin). (A) Lysine and threonine synthesis (HTHD, (2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate; THD, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate). (B) Phenylalanine and tryptophan synthesis. (C) Valine and leucine synthesis. (D) Isoleucine synthesis. (E) Histidine synthesis (PNKP). (F) Arginine synthesis (AH, allophanate hydrolase; Dur1,2, urea carboxylase/allophanate hydrolase; AsnA, asparaginase; GOGAT, glutamate synthetase; PCD, delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase; PRODH, proline dehydrogenase). (G) Methionine synthesis; the insect can synthesize methionine as part of the S-adenosyl methionine cycle involving the enzymes DNA-(cytosine-5) methyl transferase (Dcm), adenosyl homocysteinase (AHCY), and homocysteine 5-methyl transferase (MMUM).