Figure 3. PD-1⁺CXCR3⁺CXCR5⁺CD4⁺ Tfh cells are Th1-polarized.

(A) Gating strategy for the analysis of CXCR5⁺ and CXCR5⁻ memory CD4⁺ T cell subsets. (B) Ex vivo expression of T-bet, GATA-3, RORγT and Foxp3 by CXCR5⁺ and CXCR5⁻ CD4⁺ T cell subsets. (C) Intracellular production of indicated cytokines by CXCR5⁺ and CXCR5⁻ CD4⁺ T cell subsets following PMA/ionomycin stimulation. Only PD1⁺CXCR3⁺ and PD1⁺CXCR3⁻ were compared and p-values were determined by paired Student’s t test. ****P<0.0001, ***P<0.001, **P<0.01, *P<0.05, ns=not significant.