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. 2015 Oct;185(10):2668–2684. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.06.008

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Inflammation increases in Galgt2−/−mdx skeletal muscle and heart. Cells stained with CD4, CD8, or CD68 were quantified, per constant visual field, in skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius, A) and heart (B) at 5 months of age. Semiquantitative real-time PCR measures of relative increases in gene expression for markers of inflammation [CD4, CD8, CD68, IL-1β, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (or chemokine C-C motif ligand 2; MCP1), macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (or chemokine C-C motif ligand 3; MIP1a), regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (or chemokine C-C motif ligand 5; RANTES), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)] in skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius, C) and heart (D) at 5 months of age. C and D: All Galgt2−/−mdx, mdx, and Galgt2−/− measures were compared with wild-type (WT) measures for the same gene at the same age, which was set at 1 (line). Only Galgt2−/−mdx versus mdx significance comparisons are shown for clarity. Errors are SEM (A–D). n = 9 to 12 measurements per condition (A–D). ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, and ∗∗∗P < 0.001. CD, cluster of differentiation.