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. 2015 Nov;29(11):1064–1076. doi: 10.1177/0269215514564894

Table 2.

Risk of bias summary.

Study a b c d e f g h i
Feldman24 H* H* U H U U U L L
Glendinning25 H* H* H L H U L L L
Gottlieb26 H* H* H H U H U U L
King27 L L L L L L U L L
Lewin28 H* H* L H L H L L L
Lewin29 L H L H L H L H U
Marek30 H* H* H H H U L L L
Markle-Reid31 L L L L L U L L L
Markle-Reid32 L L H L L L L L L
Markle-Reid33 L L L L L L L L L
Parsons34 L U L H L L L H L
Tinetti35 H* H* H L L H L L L
Zingmark36 H* H* H L U H L L L

a: Selection bias (sequence generation); b: selection bias (sequence concealment); c: selection bias (baseline measurements); d: selection bias (baseline characteristics); e: attrition bias (outcome data); f: detection bias (blinded assessor); g: performance bias (contamination of intervention/control); h: reporting bias (reporting of all outcomes) i: other bias.

H: high risk; l: low risk; u: unclear risk.

*

Automatically rated high risk due to study type.