Table 1. Characteristics of participants with whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) and pain-free controls.

	WAD (N=23)	Control (N = 23)	p
WAD grade II/III (number)	16/7	0	<0.001
BMIa male (mean and SD)	24 (6.6)	24 (3.6)	0.95
BMI female (mean and SD)	27 (7.9)	22 (2.3)	0.03
Physical activity levelb (median and IQR)	2 (2–3)	4 (3–4)	<0.001
Neck muscle fatigue (median and IQR)c	4.0 (2.0–5.0)	0.0 (0.0–0.0)	<0.001

^aBMI; Body Mass Index (kg/m²).

^bPhysical activity level over the prior 12 months (1 = inactivity, 2 = low activity, 3 = moderate activity, 4 = high activity).

^cNeck muscle fatigue measured on a Borg fatigue scale (0 = no fatigue, 10 = extreme fatigue).