Table 3.

Multivariable Hazard Ratios of Individual Risk Factors for Incident Atrial Fibrillation (AF) or Incident Stroke Based on Cox Regression Models

	AF*		Stroke*†
	Hazard Ratio	P Value	Hazard Ratio	P Value
Predictor variable
Age group, y (reference = 18 to 34 years)
35 to 44	1.30	0.0010	1.54	<0.0001
45 to 54	2.40	<0.0001	2.41	<0.0001
55 to 64	4.65	<0.0001	3.99	<0.0001
65 to 74	8.19	<0.0001	6.56	<0.0001
≥75	16.37	<0.0001	10.82	<0.0001
Sex (reference = Female)
Male	1.32	<0.0001	0.99	0.0765
Comorbid conditions used for risk stratification of cohorts, 2007 (reference=no)
Heart failure	1.72	<0.0001	1.23	<0.0001
Hypertension	1.31	<0.0001	1.24	<0.0001
Diabetes	1.11	<0.0001	1.25	<0.0001
Coronary artery disease	1.21	<0.0001	1.04	<0.0001
Chronic kidney disease	1.23	<0.0001	1.26	<0.0001
Comorbid condition not used for risk stratification of cohorts, 2007 (reference=no)
Sleep apnea	1.21	<0.0001	1.14	<0.0001
Symptoms
Chest pain	1.01	0.0411	1.27	<0.0001
Dizziness	1.07	<0.0001	1.40	<0.0001
Palpitations	1.46	<0.0001	1.07	<0.0001
Tachycardia unspecified	1.19	<0.0001	1.13	<0.0001
Shortness of breath	1.16	<0.0001	1.13	<0.0001
Respiratory—other	1.01	<0.0001	1.12	<0.0001
Respiratory—unspecified	1.09	0.6292	1.09	0.0033
Indicators of stroke timing† (reference=no)
AF event >14 d before stroke event	—	—	16.2	<0.0001
AF event within 14 d of stroke event	—	—	21.9	<0.0001
Oral anticoagulation use >14 d before stroke event	—	—	0.6	<0.0001

d indicates days; y, years.

^*Estimates for each risk factor were adjusted for geographic region, medications, and use of internal/external electrocardiographic recording devices, in addition to all other risk factors shown in the table.

^†Stroke model also included indicators of stroke timing.