Table 1.
Patient Characteristics
| Parameter | All Patients (n=92) | Hypertensive (n=38) | Normotensive (n=54) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at CMR, years | 19.9 (4.9 to 57.8) | 21.4 (10.2 to 57.8) | 19.4 (4.9 to 49.5) | 0.13 |
| Males (%) | 56 (61) | 21 (58) | 35 (63) | 0.83 |
| Age at initial repair, years | 4.6 (0 to 57.1) | 4.3 (0 to 57.1) | 5.0 (0 to 38.9) | 0.95 |
| Time since repair, years | 13.5 (0 to 48.2) | 13.9 (0 to 48.2) | 12.5 (1.1 to 33.5) | 0.48 |
| Initial arm-leg SBP gradient, mm Hg | 39 (13 to 100) | 40 (20 to 100) | 35 (13 to 75) | 0.29 |
| Type of initial repair (%) | 0.47 | |||
| Surgery | 63 (68) | 29 (76) | 34 (63) | |
| Stent | 16 (17) | 5 (13) | 11 (20) | |
| Balloon dilation | 13 (15) | 4 (11) | 9 (17) | |
| Second arch procedure (%) | 31 (37) | 14 (37) | 17 (31) | 0.66 |
| Ventricular septal defect (%) | 15 (16) | 7 (18) | 8 (15) | 0.39 |
| Bicommissural aortic valve (%) | 49 (53) | 20 (53) | 29 (54) | 0.99 |
| TAA CSA/BSA, cm2/m2 | 1.06 (0.47 to 2.2) | 0.92 (0.50 to 2.20) | 1.18 (0.47 to 2.0) | 0.004 |
| TAA/DAO diameter ratio | 0.92 (0.43 to 1.27) | 0.87 (0.43 to 1.27) | 0.94 (0.67 to 1.27) | 0.02 |
| Arm-leg SBP gradient, mm Hg | −8 (−60 to 18) | −5 (−45 to 18) | −9 (−60 to 14) | 0.14 |
| Isthmus/DAO diameter ratio | 0.85 (0.43 to 1.75) | 0.77 (0.43 to 1.31) | 0.88 (0.56 to 1.75) | 0.02 |
| Right arm SBP, mm Hg | 123 (86 to 174) | 129 (101 to 174) | 120 (86 to 152) | 0.003 |
| Right arm DBP, mm Hg | 63 (35 to 87) | 63 (48 to 83) | 63 (35 to 87) | 0.84 |
| Antihypertensive medication (%) | 33 (36) | 33 (87) | 0 | <0.0001 |
| Arm-leg SBP gradient during exercise, mm Hg | 33 (−39 to 120) | 47 (−15 to 120) | 29 (−39 to 73) | 0.04 |
| Increase in right arm SBP during exercise, mm Hg | 51 (1 to 108) | 64 (1 to 103) | 42 (3 to 108) | 0.28 |
| Right arm hypertension during exercise, >220 mm Hg (%) | 10/57 (18) | 7/22 (32) | 3/35 (9) | 0.03 |
| LV mass/BSA, g/m2 | 54.7 (33.8 to 86.3) | 53.5 (38.3 to 83.0) | 56.1 (33.8 to 86.3) | 0.67 |
| LV mass/volume ratio | 0.62 (0.43 to 1.09) | 0.62 (0.49 to 1.09) | 0.62 (0.43 to 1.00) | 0.67 |
All data presented as median (range) or frequency (%). Patients were classified into “hypertensive” group if they satisfied standard pediatric or adult criteria for hypertension on at least 2 separate occasions. BSA indicates body-surface area; CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance study; CSA, cross-sectional area; DAO, descending aorta; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; LV, left ventricle; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TAA, transverse aortic arch.