Table 5.
WMDs in Absolute and Relative Cardiorespiratory Fitness Comparing Exercise Intervention Groups to Control Groups by Specific Modifiers
| Modifier | Absolute CRF (L/min) | Relative CRF (mL/kg per minute) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | WMD | 95% CI | I2, % | P interaction * | n | WMD | 95% CI | I2, % | P interaction | |
| Age, y | ||||||||||
| <50 | 16 | 0.47 | 0.34 to 0.60 | 93.4 | 0.008 | 28 | 5.60 | 4.56 to 6.65 | 85.1 | 0.003 |
| ≥50 | 12 | 0.21 | 0.11 to 0.32 | 84.0 | 30 | 3.31 | 2.46 to 4.15 | 91.0 | ||
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Women | 25 | 0.19 | 0.13 to 0.24 | 92.3 | <0.001 | 48 | 3.24 | 2.61 to 3.87 | 88.7 | 0.001 |
| Men | 27 | 0.42 | 0.32 to 0.53 | 90.4 | 37 | 5.43 | 4.32 to 6.53 | 90.2 | ||
| Lifestyle | ||||||||||
| Active | 9 | 0.33 | 0.15 to 0.51 | 97.0 | 0.89 | 14 | 3.62 | 1.39 to 5.85 | 96.5 | 0.83 |
| Sedentary | 43 | 0.31 | 0.25 to 0.37 | 88.4 | 88 | 3.85 | 3.36 to 4.33 | 90.5 | ||
| BMI† | ||||||||||
| Obese | 19 | 0.28 | 0.20 to 0.36 | 93.3 | 0.65 | 19 | 3.85 | 2.83 to 4.87 | 94.9 | 0.96 |
| Nonobese | 20 | 0.26 | 0.17 to 0.36 | 89.1 | 46 | 4.01 | 3.22 to 4.79 | 85.7 | ||
| Health status‡ | ||||||||||
| Yes | 8 | 0.33 | 0.07 to 0.60 | 88.2 | 0.84 | 16 | 3.34 | 2.63 to 4.04 | 74.8 | 0.46 |
| None | 53 | 0.27 | 0.22 to 0.33 | 94.6 | 94 | 4.10 | 3.51 to 4.71 | 92.7 | ||
| Duration, wk | ||||||||||
| <16 | 39 | 0.33 | 0.25 to 0.40 | 91.3 | 0.09 | 69 | 3.83 | 3.12 to 4.54 | 90.7 | 0.72 |
| ≥16 | 28 | 0.21 | 0.15 to 0.28 | 92.3 | 54 | 3.90 | 3.34 to 4.35 | 90.4 | ||
BMI indicates body mass index; CRF, cardiorespiratory fitness; WMDs, weighted mean differences,
*
P values for the impact of potential modifiers on the exercise effects.
†
BMI in kg/m2: obese ≥30; nonobese <30.
‡
Health status: participants having at least 1 of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or metabolic syndrome (yes) vs those with none of them (none).