Table 8.
WMDs in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Circulating Concentrations of Biomarkers Comparing Moderate and Vigorous Exercise Intervention Groups to Control Groups
| Outcome | Moderate | Vigorous | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No.* | WMD | 95% CI | No.* | WMD | 95% CI | |
| Cardiorespiratory fitness | ||||||
| Absolute, L/min | 39 | 0.22 | 0.16 to 0.29 | 33 | 0.31 | 0.22 to 0.40 |
| Relative, mL/kg per minute | 64 | 3.22 | 2.61 to 4.18 | 68 | 3.26 | 2.63 to 3.89 |
| Lipids markers | ||||||
| TC, mg/dL | 41 | 4.25 | −7.73 to 16.6 | 28 | 3.87 | −31.7 to 39.8 |
| TG, mg/dL | 37 | −5.31 | −12.4 to 1.77 | 32 | −5.31 | −11.5 to 0.09 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 44 | 1.16 | −0.39 to 2.71 | 33 | 2.71 | 0.39 to 5.03 |
| HDL2-C, mg/dL | 2 | 1.16 | −0.77 to 3.48 | 2 | 1.55 | −1.16 to 4.25 |
| HDL3-C, mg/dL | 1 | −1.16 | −5.80 to 3.87 | 2 | 0.04 | −1.55 to 1.55 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 35 | −3.09 | −8.12 to 2.32 | 26 | −4.64 | −12.0 to 2.32 |
| VLDL-C, mg/dL | 5 | −1.93 | −5.41 to 1.93 | 2 | −7.35 | −22.9 to 6.19 |
| Apo AI, g/L | 4 | 0.03 | 0.02 to 0.04 | 1 | 0.00 | −0.12 to 0.12 |
| Apo AII, g/L | 1 | −0.001 | −0.24 to 0.24 | 1 | 0.01 | −0.01 to 0.03 |
| Apo B, g/L | 3 | 0.01 | −0.01 to 0.03 | 2 | −0.02 | −0.21 to 0.18 |
| FFA, mmol/L | 5 | −0.06 | −0.16 to 0.03 | 3 | −0.04 | −0.17 to 0.10 |
| Inflammatory markers | ||||||
| CRP, mg/L | 9 | −0.23 | −1.01 to 0.55 | 4 | 0.04 | −0.24 to 0.31 |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 5 | 0.02 | −0.22 to 0.25 | 2 | −0.39 | −0.83 to 0.06 |
| IL-18, pg/mL | 1 | 14.0 | −128 to 156 | 1 | 18.4 | 0.02 to 36.8 |
| TNF-α, pg/mL | 3 | 0.06 | −0.48 to 0.60 | 1 | −0.01 | −0.93 to 0.91 |
| Adiponectin, μg/mL | 1 | 3.52 | 1.17 to 5.87 | 6 | 0.52 | −0.20 to 1.23 |
| Leptin, ng/mL | 1 | −0.70 | −1.19 to −0.21 | 6 | −2.56 | −4.04 to −1.08 |
| Insulin resistance markers | ||||||
| Glucose, mmol/L | 31 | −0.04 | −0.24 to 0.17 | 22 | 0.03 | −0.08 to 0.12 |
| Insulin, μIU/mL | 17 | −0.91 | −2.08 to 0.26 | 17 | −1.32 | −2.15 to −0.50 |
| HOMA-IR | 7 | −0.30 | −0.66 to 0.06 | 7 | −0.47 | −0.82 to −0.12 |
| HbA1c, % | 11 | −0.28 | −0.46 to −0.11 | 7 | −2.71 | −0.54 to −0.002 |
| C-peptide, nmol/L | 1 | 0.22 | 0.19 to 0.25 | 1 | −0.18 | −0.62 to 0.26 |
| IGF-1, ng/mL | 2 | −4.64 | −29.58 to 20.30 | 3 | 3.91 | −2.87 to 10.69 |
| IGF-BP3, μg/mL | 0 | NA | NA | 2 | −0.002 | −0.23 to 0.23 |
| Hemostatic factors | ||||||
| Fibrinogen, g/L | 0 | NA | NA | 2 | −0.39 | −0.75 to −0.03 |
| Endothelin-1, pg/mL | 2 | −0.22 | −0.62 to 0.19 | 0 | NA | NA |
| Angiotensin II, pg/mL | 2 | −1.32 | −2.11 to −0.54 | 0 | NA | NA |
Apo AI indicates apolipoprotein A1; Apo AII, apolipoprotein A2; Apo B, apolipoprotein B; CRP, C-reactive protein; FFA, free fatty acid; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment–insulin resistance; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1; IGF-BP3, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3; IL, interleukin; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NA, not available due to the lack of comparisons reported; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; VLDL-C, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; WMDs, weighted mean differences.
Number of eligible independent comparisons.